Haresamudram Kashyap, Torre Ilaria, Behling Magnus, Wagner Christoph, Larsson Stefan
Department of Technology and Society, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Front Robot AI. 2024 Oct 9;11:1456613. doi: 10.3389/frobt.2024.1456613. eCollection 2024.
In human-agent interaction, trust is often measured using human-trust constructs such as competence, benevolence, and integrity, however, it is unclear whether technology-trust constructs such as functionality, helpfulness, and reliability are more suitable. There is also evidence that perception of "humanness" measured through anthropomorphism varies based on the characteristics of the agent, but dimensions of anthropomorphism are not highlighted in empirical studies.
In order to study how different embodiments and qualities of speech of agents influence type of trust and dimensions of anthropomorphism in perception of the agent, we conducted an experiment using two agent "bodies", a speaker and robot, employing four levels of "humanness of voice", and measured perception of the agent using human-trust, technology-trust, and Godspeed series questionnaires.
We found that the agents elicit both human and technology conceptions of trust with no significant difference, that differences in body and voice of an agent have no significant impact on trust, even though body and voice are both independently significant in anthropomorphism perception.
Interestingly, the results indicate that voice may be a stronger characteristic in influencing the perception of agents (not relating to trust) than physical appearance or body. We discuss the implications of our findings for research on human-agent interaction and highlight future research areas.
在人机交互中，信任通常使用诸如能力、善意和正直等人类信任结构来衡量，然而，诸如功能性、帮助性和可靠性等技术信任结构是否更合适尚不清楚。也有证据表明，通过拟人化来衡量的“人性”感知会因智能体的特征而有所不同，但拟人化的维度在实证研究中并未得到突出体现。
为了研究智能体不同的体现形式和语音特质如何影响对智能体的信任类型和拟人化维度感知，我们使用了两个智能体“实体”（一个说话者和一个机器人）进行了一项实验，采用了四个“语音人性”水平，并使用人类信任、技术信任和“神速”系列问卷来测量对智能体的感知。
我们发现，智能体引发的人类和技术信任概念没有显著差异，智能体的实体和语音差异对信任没有显著影响，尽管实体和语音在拟人化感知中各自都具有显著影响。
有趣的是，结果表明，在影响对智能体的感知（与信任无关）方面，语音可能比外貌或实体是更强的特征。我们讨论了研究结果对人机交互研究的启示，并突出了未来的研究领域。
