Willmann Gabriel
1 Eye Hospital, Katharinenhospital , Stuttgart, Germany .
2 Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen , Tübingen, Germany .
High Alt Med Biol. 2015 Dec;16(4):277-82. doi: 10.1089/ham.2015.0109.
Ultraviolet keratitis is caused by the toxic effects of acute high-dose ultraviolet radiation (UVR) reflecting the sensitivity of the ocular surface to photochemical injury. The clinical syndrome presents with ocular pain, tearing, conjunctival chemosis, blepharospasm, and deterioration of vision typically several hours after exposure, lasting up to 3 days. Mountaineers, skiers, and beach recreationalists are particularly at risk to suffer from ultraviolet (UV) keratitis as the reflectivity of UVR in these environments is extremely high. The aim of this review is to raise awareness about the potential of UV damage on the eye with an emphasis on UV keratitis, to highlight the pathophysiological basis of corneal phototoxicity, and to provide practical guidance for the prevention and clinical management of UV keratitis commonly known as snow blindness.
紫外线角膜炎是由急性高剂量紫外线辐射（UVR）的毒性作用引起的，反映了眼表对光化学损伤的敏感性。临床综合征通常在暴露后数小时出现眼痛、流泪、结膜水肿、眼睑痉挛和视力下降，持续长达3天。登山者、滑雪者和海滩休闲者特别容易患紫外线（UV）角膜炎，因为这些环境中UVR的反射率极高。本综述的目的是提高对紫外线对眼睛潜在损害的认识，重点是紫外线角膜炎，突出角膜光毒性的病理生理基础，并为通常称为雪盲的紫外线角膜炎的预防和临床管理提供实用指导。
