Santos Júlia, Leitão-Correia Fernanda, Sousa Maria João, Leão Cecília
Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal ; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
Molecular and Environmental Biology Centre (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2016;2016:4010357. doi: 10.1155/2016/4010357. Epub 2015 Nov 23.
Dietary regimens that favour reduced calorie intake delay aging and age-associated diseases. New evidences revealed that nutritional balance of dietary components without food restriction increases lifespan. Particular nutrients as several nitrogen sources, proteins, amino acid, and ammonium are implicated in life and healthspan regulation in different model organisms from yeast to mammals. Aging and dietary restriction interact through partially overlapping mechanisms in the activation of the conserved nutrient-signalling pathways, mainly the insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IIS) and the Target Of Rapamycin (TOR). The specific nutrients of dietary regimens, their balance, and how they interact with different genes and pathways are currently being uncovered. Taking into account that dietary regimes can largely influence overall human health and changes in risk factors such as cholesterol level and blood pressure, these new findings are of great importance to fully comprehend the interplay between diet and humans health.
有利于减少热量摄入的饮食方案可延缓衰老及与年龄相关的疾病。新证据表明，在不限制食物的情况下，饮食成分的营养平衡可延长寿命。特定营养素，如几种氮源、蛋白质、氨基酸和铵，在从酵母到哺乳动物的不同模式生物的生命和健康寿命调节中发挥作用。衰老和饮食限制通过部分重叠的机制相互作用，激活保守的营养信号通路，主要是胰岛素/胰岛素样生长因子（IIS）和雷帕霉素靶蛋白（TOR）。目前正在揭示饮食方案的特定营养素、它们的平衡以及它们如何与不同基因和通路相互作用。考虑到饮食方案会在很大程度上影响人类整体健康以及胆固醇水平和血压等风险因素的变化，这些新发现对于全面理解饮食与人类健康之间的相互作用至关重要。
