Alghadir Ahmad H, Gabr Sami A, Al-Eisa Einas
Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh, 11433, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
Biol Trace Elem Res. 2016 Aug;172(2):299-306. doi: 10.1007/s12011-015-0601-3. Epub 2015 Dec 23.
Not much is known about the role of physical activity (PA), obesity related variables, and trace elements as potential risk factors affecting neurotransmitters in schoolchildren with depression. Our objective was to investigate the effect of physical activity (PA) on depressive symptoms in children and adolescents. Also, we aimed to study the association of demographic variables, serum levels of Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), serotonin, and salivary cortisol with depression in this population. One hundred and fifty school children (90 boys and 60 girls) aged 7-18 years were recruited for this study. All participants were evaluated for depression using CDI-score analysis. Their physical activity levels were checked using pre-validated questionnaires. The serum levels of Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), cortisol, and serotonin were estimated using atomic absorption, and immunoassay techniques. About 48.7 % of the study population had depressive symptoms (CDI-score; ≥13), and were classified into mild, moderate, and severe categories. Older children, especially girls, had higher levels of depression. Participants with moderate and severe depression had significantly lower physical activity, serotonin, and zinc levels, Zn/Cu ratios, and significantly higher copper and cortisol levels. Physically active boys showed significantly lower depressive CDI-scores and improvement in cortisol, serotonin, Cu, and Zn concentrations compared to girls of sedentary life style. CDI- scores correlated positively with BMI, cortisol and Cu, and negatively with PA, serotonin and Zn concentrations. BMI, cortisol, serotonin, Cu and Zn, could explain about 59.3-79 % of the depressive symptoms among schoolchildren, according to stepwise regression analysis. This was especially true in especially older girls. PA and an adequate balance in Zn and Cu levels, plays a positive role in improving CDI-depressive score, BMI, serotonin and cortisol levels among schoolchildren.
关于体育活动（PA）、肥胖相关变量以及微量元素作为影响抑郁小学生神经递质的潜在危险因素的作用，目前所知甚少。我们的目的是研究体育活动（PA）对儿童和青少年抑郁症状的影响。此外，我们旨在研究该人群中人口统计学变量、血清铜（Cu）、锌（Zn）、血清素和唾液皮质醇水平与抑郁之间的关联。本研究招募了150名7 - 18岁的在校儿童（90名男孩和60名女孩）。所有参与者均使用儿童抑郁量表（CDI）评分分析进行抑郁评估。他们的体育活动水平通过预先验证的问卷进行检查。血清铜（Cu）、锌（Zn）、皮质醇和血清素水平采用原子吸收法和免疫测定技术进行测定。约48.7%的研究人群有抑郁症状（CDI评分；≥13），并被分为轻度、中度和重度类别。年龄较大的儿童，尤其是女孩，抑郁水平较高。中度和重度抑郁的参与者体育活动、血清素和锌水平、锌/铜比值显著较低，而铜和皮质醇水平显著较高。与久坐生活方式的女孩相比，积极参加体育活动的男孩抑郁CDI评分显著较低，皮质醇、血清素、铜和锌浓度有所改善。CDI评分与体重指数（BMI）、皮质醇和铜呈正相关，与体育活动、血清素和锌浓度呈负相关。根据逐步回归分析，BMI、皮质醇、血清素、铜和锌可解释在校儿童中约59.3 - 79%的抑郁症状。在年龄较大的女孩中尤其如此。体育活动以及锌和铜水平的适当平衡，对改善在校儿童的CDI抑郁评分、BMI、血清素和皮质醇水平具有积极作用。
