Alghadir Ahmad H, Gabr Sami A, Al-Eisa Einas S
Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia ; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
Clin Interv Aging. 2015 Dec 3;10:1901-7. doi: 10.2147/CIA.S95974. eCollection 2015.
Homeostatic imbalance of trace elements such as iron (Fe), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) demonstrated adverse effects on brain function among older adults.
The present study aimed to investigate the effects of trace elements and the presence of anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies (GADAs) in human cognitive abilities among healthy older adults.
A total of 100 healthy subjects (65 males, 35 females; age range; 64-96 years) were recruited for this study. Based on Loewenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment (LOTCA) score, the participants were classified according to cognitive performance into normal (n=45), moderate (n=30), and severe (n=25). Cognitive functioning, leisure-time physical activity (LTPA), serum trace elements - Fe, Cu, Zn, Zn/Cu, and GADAs were assessed using LOTCA battery, pre-validated physical activity (PA) questionnaire, atomic absorption, and immunoassay techniques, respectively.
Approximately 45% of the study population (n=45) had normal distribution of cognitive function and 55% of the study population (n=55) had abnormal cognitive function; they were classified into moderate (score 62-92) and severe (score 31-62). There was a significant reduction in the level of Zn and Zn/Cu ratio along with an increase in the level of Fe, Cu, and anti-GADAs in subjects of severe (P=0.01) and moderate (P=0.01) cognitive performance. LOTCA-cognitive scores correlated positively with sex, HbA(1c), Fe, Cu, Zn, and Zn/Cu ratio, and negatively with age, PA, body mass index, and anti-GADAs. Significant inter-correlation was reported between serum trace element concentrations and anti-GADAs which suggest producing a cognitive decline via oxidative and neural damage mechanism.
This study found significant associations among trace elements, anti-GADAs, and cognitive function in older adults. The homeostatic balance of trace elements should be recommended among older adults for better cognitive performance.
铁（Fe）、铜（Cu）和锌（Zn）等微量元素的稳态失衡对老年人的脑功能有不良影响。
本研究旨在调查微量元素及抗谷氨酸脱羧酶抗体（GADA）的存在对健康老年人认知能力的影响。
本研究共招募了100名健康受试者（65名男性，35名女性；年龄范围64 - 96岁）。根据洛温斯坦职业疗法认知评估（LOTCA）得分，将参与者按认知表现分为正常组（n = 45）、中度组（n = 30）和重度组（n = 25）。分别使用LOTCA成套测试、预先验证的身体活动（PA）问卷、原子吸收法和免疫测定技术评估认知功能、休闲时间身体活动（LTPA）、血清微量元素——铁、铜、锌、锌/铜以及GADA。
约45%的研究人群（n = 45）认知功能分布正常，55%的研究人群（n = 55）认知功能异常；后者被分为中度（得分62 - 92）和重度（得分31 - 62）。在重度（P = .01）和中度（P = .01）认知表现的受试者中，锌水平和锌/铜比值显著降低，同时铁、铜和抗GADA水平升高。LOTCA认知得分与性别、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）、铁、铜、锌和锌/铜比值呈正相关，与年龄、身体活动、体重指数和抗GADA呈负相关。血清微量元素浓度与抗GADA之间存在显著的相互关联，这表明通过氧化和神经损伤机制导致认知能力下降。
本研究发现老年人的微量元素、抗GADA和认知功能之间存在显著关联。为了获得更好的认知表现，建议老年人保持微量元素的稳态平衡。
