Blondin Stacy A, Mueller Megan P, Bakun Peter J, Choumenkovitch Silvina F, Tucker Katherine L, Economos Christina D
Tufts University Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, 150 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
Clinical Laboratory & Nutritional Sciences, Center for Population Health & Health Disparities, University of Massachusetts at Lowell, 3 Solomont Way, Suite 4, Lowell, MA 01854, USA.
Nutrients. 2015 Dec 24;8(1):3. doi: 10.3390/nu8010003.
The transition from adolescence to adulthood is a unique period during which lifelong dietary habits are shaped. Dietary patterns (DPs) among young adults attending college have not been adequately described, and associations between DPs and indicators of disease risk are not well understood in this age group. Dietary data were collected from undergraduates participating in the Tufts Longitudinal Health Study (TLHS; 1998-2007) by Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ; n = 1323). DPs were derived using principal components analysis with varimax rotation. Scree plots; eigenvalues; factor loadings; and previous studies were used to determine and label the DPs retained. Cross-sectional relationships between DP scores and anthropometric measures (percent body fat (PBF) and (BMI) and lipid biomarkers (total; HDL and LDL cholesterol; and triglycerides) were assessed with multivariable regression models; adjusted for demographics; physical activity; smoking; intention to gain/lose weight; and total energy intake. Effect modification by sex was tested. Three DPs were identified: Prudent; Western; and Alcohol. Greater adherence to the Prudent DP was associated with favorable anthropometric outcomes. The Alcohol DP was associated with a favorable lipid profile. Associations between the Western DP and blood lipids differed by sex; with unfavorable impact observed only among males. Our findings add to the literature linking DPs in young adults with measurable adiposity and cardiometabolic outcomes; suggesting that improving nutrition among college students could reduce chronic disease risk.
从青春期到成年期的过渡是一个独特的时期，在此期间会形成终身的饮食习惯。大学生中的饮食模式（DPs）尚未得到充分描述，并且在这个年龄组中，DPs与疾病风险指标之间的关联也未得到很好的理解。通过食物频率问卷（FFQ；n = 1323）从参与塔夫茨纵向健康研究（TLHS；1998 - 2007）的本科生中收集饮食数据。使用具有方差最大化旋转的主成分分析得出DPs。通过碎石图、特征值、因子载荷以及先前的研究来确定并标记保留的DPs。使用多变量回归模型评估DP分数与人体测量指标（体脂百分比（PBF）和体重指数（BMI））以及脂质生物标志物（总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇以及甘油三酯）之间的横断面关系；对人口统计学、身体活动、吸烟、增减体重的意愿以及总能量摄入进行了调整。检验了性别对效应的修饰作用。确定了三种DPs：谨慎型、西方型和酒精型。更严格遵循谨慎型DP与良好的人体测量结果相关。酒精型DP与良好的血脂谱相关。西方型DP与血脂之间的关联因性别而异，仅在男性中观察到不利影响。我们的研究结果补充了将年轻人的DPs与可测量的肥胖和心血管代谢结果联系起来的文献，表明改善大学生的营养状况可以降低慢性病风险。
