Czekajło Anna, Różańska Dorota, Zatońska Katarzyna, Szuba Andrzej, Regulska-Ilow Bożena
Department of Dietetics, Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
Department of Social Medicine, Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
Ann Agric Environ Med. 2018 Dec 20;25(4):635-641. doi: 10.26444/aaem/76321. Epub 2017 Oct 3.
Dietary pattern analysis is used to describe the dietary habits of a selected population. In many studies, dietary patterns (DPs) have been associated with risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). The aim of the study was to assess the association between dietary patterns identified in the population of Lower Silesia, Poland, with anthropometric and biochemical risk factors for CVD.
The study group included 2,025 participants of the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiological (PURE) Study. Dietary intake was evaluated based on data from the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Dietary patterns were derived using principal component analysis (PCA). The relationship between DPs and body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, waist-hip ratio, blood pressure, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides and fasting glucose level, was assessed.
Three dietary patterns identified in the study explained 35.6% of total variance. The 'fruit, vegetables & dairy' DP, characterized by a high intake of vegetables, fruits, nuts, seeds, raisins, milk and low-fat dairy, was associated with improved lipid profile and anthropometric measures, lower diastolic blood pressure and lower fasting glucose concentration. 'Traditional' and 'fat & sugar' DPs were unfavourably associated with most of the risk factors for CVD presented in this study.
Dietary patterns identified in this study were differently related to selected anthropometric and biochemical risk factors for CVD. 'Fruit, vegetables & dairy' DP was favourably associated with the biochemical and anthropometric CVD risk factors, and was characterized by higher nutritional value in comparison with 'traditional' and 'fat & sugar' DPs.
饮食模式分析用于描述特定人群的饮食习惯。在许多研究中，饮食模式与心血管疾病（CVD）的危险因素相关。本研究的目的是评估在波兰下西里西亚人群中确定的饮食模式与CVD的人体测量和生化危险因素之间的关联。
研究组包括2025名前瞻性城乡流行病学（PURE）研究的参与者。根据食物频率问卷（FFQ）的数据评估饮食摄入量。使用主成分分析（PCA）得出饮食模式。评估饮食模式与体重指数（BMI）、腰围、腰臀比、血压、总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、甘油三酯和空腹血糖水平之间的关系。
研究中确定的三种饮食模式解释了总方差的35.6%。“水果、蔬菜和乳制品”饮食模式的特点是蔬菜、水果、坚果、种子、葡萄干、牛奶和低脂乳制品的摄入量高，与改善血脂状况和人体测量指标、降低舒张压和降低空腹血糖浓度相关。“传统”和“脂肪与糖”饮食模式与本研究中呈现的大多数CVD危险因素呈不利关联。
本研究中确定的饮食模式与选定的CVD人体测量和生化危险因素的关系各不相同。“水果、蔬菜和乳制品”饮食模式与CVD的生化和人体测量危险因素呈有利关联，与“传统”和“脂肪与糖”饮食模式相比，其营养价值更高。
