Mack Arien, Erol Muge, Clarke Jason, Bert John
New School for Social Research, United States.
New School for Social Research, United States.
Conscious Cogn. 2016 Feb;40:1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.concog.2015.12.006. Epub 2015 Dec 21.
The experiments reported extend the findings of our earlier paper, (Mack, Erol, & Clarke, 2015) and allow us to reject Bachmann and Aru's critique of our conclusion (2015) that IM requires attention. They suggested our manipulations, which diverted attention from a letter reporting task in a dual task procedure where the task-cue occurred after the array disappeared, might only have affected access to IM and not the "existence of the phenomenal experience". By further decreasing the probability of reporting letters to only 10% and adding a final trial in which the letter matrix was either completely absent or distorted, we found more than half our subjects were unaware of its absence, or distortion i.e., were inattentionally blind. We take this as powerful evidence against the existence of any phenomenal experience component of iconic memory and consistent with the view that iconic memory demands attention and that conscious perception does as well.
所报道的这些实验扩展了我们早期论文（Mack、Erol和Clarke，2015年）的研究结果，并使我们能够反驳巴赫曼和阿鲁对我们结论（2015年）的批评，即表象记忆需要注意力。他们认为，我们的操作，即在双重任务程序中，当任务提示在阵列消失后出现时，将注意力从字母报告任务上转移，可能只影响了对表象记忆的提取，而没有影响“现象体验的存在”。通过进一步将报告字母的概率降低到仅10%，并增加最后一个试验，即字母矩阵要么完全不存在，要么扭曲，我们发现超过一半的受试者没有意识到它的不存在或扭曲，即存在无意视盲。我们将此视为反对表象记忆中任何现象体验成分存在的有力证据，并与表象记忆需要注意力以及有意识感知也需要注意力的观点相一致。
