Eaton J M
Department of Medicine, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno 89520.
Postgrad Med. 1989 Sep 1;86(3):227-32. doi: 10.1080/00325481.1989.11704400.
Most muscle cramps are benign, but cramps that occur on exertion or in a patient with abnormal findings on physical examination or electromyography are usually caused by significant systemic disease. The most common systemic causes are metabolic diseases; central or peripheral nervous system diseases are less often responsible. Most systemic diseases that cause muscle cramps are amenable to specific treatment. If symptomatic treatment is desired, the first choice would appear to be stretching. If that is ineffective, carisoprodol (Rela, Soma, Soprodol), vitamin E, or verapamil hydrochloride (Calan, Isoptin) may be used. Quinine sulfate (Quine, Quinamm) is potentially toxic and may not be effective.
大多数肌肉痉挛是良性的,但在运动时发生的痉挛,或体格检查或肌电图检查有异常发现的患者所出现的痉挛,通常是由严重的全身性疾病引起的。最常见的全身性病因是代谢性疾病;中枢或周围神经系统疾病导致的情况较少见。大多数引起肌肉痉挛的全身性疾病都适合进行特定治疗。如果需要进行对症治疗,首选似乎是拉伸。如果拉伸无效,可以使用卡立普多(如力来、索麻、索普多)、维生素E或盐酸维拉帕米(如异搏定、合心爽)。硫酸奎宁有潜在毒性,可能无效。