Mosier D A, Confer A W, Panciera R J
Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater 74078.
Res Vet Sci. 1989 Jul;47(1):1-10.
Since the early 1900s bovine pneumonic pasteurellosis has been recognised as a major economic problem to European and North American cattle industries. Initial attempts to prevent the disease were complicated by incomplete knowledge of the causative organisms. Despite some early reports of vaccine-induced protection against disease, initial vaccines were of questionable protective value. From the late 1950s to the 1970s Pasteurella haemolytica and P multocida bacterins were the primary type of vaccine used commercially and experimentally. When viruses, most notably bovine herpesvirus 1 (infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus) and parainfluenza-3 virus, were found to be associated with bovine respiratory disease, viral vaccines were used in attempts to prevent pneumonic pasteurellosis. Combinations of bacterins and viral vaccines were also developed and evaluated. Collectively, bacterins, viral vaccines and bacterin-virus combinations did not consistently reduce disease in experimental trials or field use. By the 1980s some studies using live vaccines were reportedly successful in reducing the incidence of pneumonic pasteurellosis. Current experimental studies revolve around the identification and incorporation of specific Pasteurella species antigen extracts into vaccines. The efficacy of these new extract vaccines is yet to be determined.
自20世纪初以来，牛肺疫巴氏杆菌病就被认为是欧洲和北美养牛业的一个主要经济问题。由于对致病生物的认识不完整，早期预防该病的尝试变得复杂。尽管早期有一些关于疫苗诱导疾病保护作用的报道，但最初的疫苗保护价值存疑。从20世纪50年代末到70年代，溶血巴氏杆菌和多杀性巴氏杆菌菌苗是商业和实验中使用的主要疫苗类型。当发现病毒，尤其是牛疱疹病毒1型（传染性牛鼻气管炎病毒）和副流感3病毒与牛呼吸道疾病有关时，人们使用病毒疫苗来预防肺疫巴氏杆菌病。菌苗和病毒疫苗的组合也得到了开发和评估。总体而言，菌苗、病毒疫苗以及菌苗-病毒组合在实验试验或现场使用中并不能持续减少疾病发生。到20世纪80年代，据报道一些使用活疫苗的研究成功降低了肺疫巴氏杆菌病的发病率。目前的实验研究围绕着将特定巴氏杆菌属抗原提取物鉴定并纳入疫苗展开。这些新型提取物疫苗的疗效尚待确定。
