Monteiro Lara J, Norman Jane E, Rice Gregory E, Illanes Sebastián E
Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile.
Tommy's Centre for Fetal and Maternal Health, Medical Research Council Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Placenta. 2016 Dec;48 Suppl 1:S54-S60. doi: 10.1016/j.placenta.2015.11.015. Epub 2015 Dec 12.
Gestational diabetes mellitus is defined by new-onset glucose intolerance during pregnancy. About 2-5% of all pregnant women develop gestational diabetes during their pregnancies and the prevalence has increased considerably during the last decade. This metabolic condition is manifested when pancreatic β-cells lose their ability to compensate for increased insulin resistance during pregnancy, however, the pathogenesis of the disease remains largely unknown. Gestational diabetes is strongly associated with adverse pregnancy outcome as well as with long-term adverse effects on the offspring which likely occurs due to epigenetic modifications of the fetal genome. In the current review we address gestational diabetes and the short and long term complications for both mothers and offspring focusing on the importance of fetal programming in conferring risk of developing diseases in adulthood.
妊娠期糖尿病是指孕期新发的葡萄糖耐量异常。所有孕妇中约有2%-5%在孕期会患妊娠期糖尿病，且在过去十年中患病率大幅上升。当胰腺β细胞在孕期失去代偿胰岛素抵抗增加的能力时，就会出现这种代谢状况，然而，该病的发病机制仍 largely unknown。妊娠期糖尿病与不良妊娠结局以及对后代的长期不良影响密切相关，这可能是由于胎儿基因组的表观遗传修饰所致。在本综述中，我们探讨妊娠期糖尿病以及母亲和后代的短期和长期并发症，重点关注胎儿编程在赋予成年后患疾病风险方面的重要性。
