Vieira Ramos Gracielle, Pinheiro Clara Maria, Messa Sabrina Peviani, Delfino Gabriel Borges, Marqueti Rita de Cássia, Salvini Tania de Fátima, Durigan Joao Luiz Quagliotti
Physical Therapy Division, University of Brasilia, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil.
Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.
Sci Rep. 2016 Jan 4;6:18525. doi: 10.1038/srep18525.
The application of cryotherapy is widely used in sports medicine today. Cooling could minimize secondary hypoxic injury through the reduction of cellular metabolism and injury area. Conflicting results have also suggested cryotherapy could delay and impair the regeneration process. There are no definitive findings about the effects of cryotherapy on the process of muscle regeneration. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of a clinical-like cryotherapy on inflammation, regeneration and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling on the Tibialis anterior (TA) muscle of rats 3, 7 and 14 days post-injury. It was observed that the intermittent application of cryotherapy (three 30-minute sessions, every 2 h) in the first 48 h post-injury decreased inflammatory processes (mRNA levels of TNF-α, NF-κB, TGF-β and MMP-9 and macrophage percentage). Cryotherapy did not alter regeneration markers such as injury area, desmin and Myod expression. Despite regulating Collagen I and III and their growth factors, cryotherapy did not alter collagen deposition. In summary, clinical-like cryotherapy reduces the inflammatory process through the decrease of macrophage infiltration and the accumulation of the inflammatory key markers without influencing muscle injury area and ECM remodeling.
冷冻疗法如今在运动医学中得到广泛应用。降温可通过降低细胞代谢和损伤面积来使继发性缺氧损伤最小化。相互矛盾的结果也表明冷冻疗法可能会延迟并损害再生过程。关于冷冻疗法对肌肉再生过程的影响尚无明确结论。本研究的目的是评估类似临床的冷冻疗法对大鼠受伤后3天、7天和14天胫前肌炎症、再生和细胞外基质（ECM）重塑的影响。观察到在受伤后的前48小时内间歇性应用冷冻疗法（每2小时进行三次30分钟的疗程）可减轻炎症过程（TNF-α、NF-κB、TGF-β和MMP-9的mRNA水平以及巨噬细胞百分比）。冷冻疗法并未改变诸如损伤面积、结蛋白和Myod表达等再生标志物。尽管冷冻疗法调节了I型和III型胶原蛋白及其生长因子，但并未改变胶原蛋白沉积。总之，类似临床的冷冻疗法通过减少巨噬细胞浸润和炎症关键标志物的积累来减轻炎症过程，而不影响肌肉损伤面积和ECM重塑。
