Arce-Esquivel A A, Bunker A K, Simmons G H, Yang H T, Laughlin M H, Terjung R L
Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri ; Department of Health and Kinesiology, The University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, Texas.
Morningside College, Sioux City, Iowa.
J Heart Cardiol. 2015;1(2). doi: 10.15436/2378-6914/15/010. Epub 2015 Jun 29.
The present study was designed to determine whether adult swine with peripheral artery insufficiency (PAI) would exhibit vascular dysfunction in vessels distinct from the affected distal limbs, the coronary conduit arteries. Moreover, we sought to evaluate the effect of exercise training on coronary vasomotor function in PAI. Eighteen female healthy young Yucatan miniature swine were randomly assigned to either occluded exercise trained (Occl-Ex, n=7), or occluded-sedentary (Occl-Sed, n=5), or non-occluded, non-exercised control (Non-Occl-Con, n=6) groups. Occl-Ex pigs were progressively trained by running on a treadmill (5days/week, 12 weeks). The left descending artery (LAD) and left circumflex (LCX) coronary arteries were harvested. Vasorelaxation to adenosine diphosphate (ADP), bradykinin (BK), and sodium nitro-prusside (SNP) were assessed in LAD's; while constrictor responses to phenylephrine (PE), angiotensin II (Ang II), and endothelin-1 (ET-1) were assessed in LCX's. Vasorelaxation to ADP was reduced in LADs from Occl-Sed and Occl-Ex pigs (<0.001) as compared to Non-Occl-Con pigs; however, Occl-Ex pigs exhibited partial recovery (<0.001) intermediate to the other two groups. BK induced relaxation was reduced in LADs from Occl-Ex and Occl-Sed pigs (<0.001), compared to Non-Occl-Con, and exercise modestly increased responses to BK (<0.05). In addition, SNP, PE, Ang II, and ET-1 responses were not significantly different among the groups. Our results indicate that 'simple' occlusion of the femoral arteries induces vascular dysfunction in conduit vessels distinct from the affected hindlimbs, as evident in blunted coronary vasorelaxation responses to ADP and BK. These findings imply that PAI, even in the absence of frank atherogenic vascular disease, contributes to vascular dysfunction in the coronary arteries that could exacerbate disease outcome in patients with peripheral artery disease. Further, regular daily physical activity partially recovered the deficit observed in the coronary arteries.
本研究旨在确定患有外周动脉供血不足（PAI）的成年猪在不同于受影响远端肢体的血管即冠状动脉导管动脉中是否会出现血管功能障碍。此外，我们试图评估运动训练对PAI猪冠状动脉血管舒缩功能的影响。18只健康的年轻雌性尤卡坦小型猪被随机分为闭塞运动训练组（Occl-Ex，n = 7）、闭塞久坐组（Occl-Sed，n = 5）或非闭塞非运动对照组（Non-Occl-Con，n = 6）。Occl-Ex组猪通过在跑步机上跑步进行渐进式训练（每周5天，共12周）。采集左冠状动脉前降支（LAD）和左旋支（LCX）。评估LAD对二磷酸腺苷（ADP）、缓激肽（BK）和硝普钠（SNP）的血管舒张反应；同时评估LCX对去氧肾上腺素（PE）、血管紧张素II（Ang II）和内皮素-1（ET-1）的收缩反应。与Non-Occl-Con组猪相比，Occl-Sed组和Occl-Ex组猪的LAD对ADP的血管舒张反应降低（<0.001）；然而，Occl-Ex组猪表现出部分恢复（<0.001），介于其他两组之间。与Non-Occl-Con组相比，Occl-Ex组和Occl-Sed组猪的LAD中BK诱导的舒张反应降低（<0.001），运动适度增加了对BK的反应（<0.05）。此外，各组之间SNP、PE、Ang II和ET-1的反应无显著差异。我们的结果表明，股动脉的“简单”闭塞会在不同于受影响后肢的导管血管中诱导血管功能障碍，如冠状动脉对ADP和BK的血管舒张反应减弱所示。这些发现意味着，即使在没有明显动脉粥样硬化性血管疾病的情况下，PAI也会导致冠状动脉血管功能障碍，这可能会加重外周动脉疾病患者的疾病结局。此外，日常规律的体育活动部分恢复了在冠状动脉中观察到的缺陷。
