Parmentier Fabrice B R
University of the Balearic Islands.
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 2016 Jun;42(6):837-46. doi: 10.1037/xhp0000195. Epub 2016 Jan 4.
Oddball studies show that rare and unexpected changes in an otherwise repetitive or structured sequence of task-irrelevant sounds (deviant sounds among standard sounds) ineluctably break through attentional filters and yield longer response times in an ongoing task. Although this deviance distraction effect has generally been thought of as an involuntary and adaptive phenomenon, recent studies questioned this view by reporting that deviance distraction is observed when sounds predict the occurrence of a target stimulus (informative sounds) but that it disappears when sounds do not convey this information (uninformative sounds). Here, I challenge this conclusion and suggest that the apparent absence of deviance distraction with uninformative sounds results in fact from 2 opposite effects: deviance distraction when the previous trial involved a target and required responding, and a speeding up of responses by deviant sound following trials involving no target and requiring the withholding of responses. Data from a new experiment, new analyses of the data from 3 earlier studies, and the modeling of these data all converge in suggesting the existence of deviance distraction impervious to the sounds' informational value. These results undermine the proposition of a late top-down control mechanism gating behavioral distraction as a function of the sounds' informative value. (PsycINFO Database Record
异常刺激研究表明，在原本重复或结构化的与任务无关的声音序列（标准声音中的异常声音）中，罕见且意外的变化不可避免地会突破注意力过滤器，并在进行中的任务中产生更长的反应时间。尽管这种异常刺激干扰效应通常被认为是一种非自愿的适应性现象，但最近的研究对这一观点提出了质疑，报告称当声音预测目标刺激（信息性声音）的出现时会观察到异常刺激干扰，但当声音不传达此信息（非信息性声音）时，这种干扰就会消失。在此，我对这一结论提出质疑，并认为非信息性声音表面上不存在异常刺激干扰实际上是由两种相反的效应导致的：在前一次试验涉及目标并需要做出反应时出现异常刺激干扰，而在涉及无目标且需要抑制反应的试验后，异常声音会加快反应速度。一项新实验的数据、对三项早期研究数据的新分析以及这些数据的建模都一致表明存在不受声音信息价值影响的异常刺激干扰。这些结果削弱了一种晚期自上而下控制机制的观点，该机制根据声音的信息价值对行为干扰进行门控。（《心理学文摘数据库记录》）
