Department of Psychology and Research Institute for Health Sciences (iUNICS), Ed. Cientifico-Tecnico (iUNICS), University of the Balearic Islands, Ctra de Valldemossa, km 75, 07122, Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain.
Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa), Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain.
Psychol Res. 2020 Oct;84(7):1801-1814. doi: 10.1007/s00426-019-01192-4. Epub 2019 May 3.
Several studies have argued that words evoking negative emotions, such as disgust, grab attention more than neutral words, and leave traces in memory that are more persistent. However, these conclusions are typically based on tasks requiring participants to process the semantic content of these words in a voluntarily manner. We sought to compare the involuntary attention grabbing power of disgusting and neutral words using them as rare and unexpected auditory distractors in a cross-modal oddball task, and then probing the participants' memory for these stimuli in a surprise recognition task. Frequentist and Bayesian analyses converged to show that, compared to a standard tone, disgusting and neutral auditory words produced significant but equivalent levels of distraction in a visual categorization task, that they elicited comparable levels of memory discriminability in the incidental recognition task, and that the participants' individual sensitivity to disgust did not influence the results. Our results suggest that distraction by unexpected words is not modulated by their emotional valence, at least when these words are task-irrelevant and are temporally and perceptually decoupled from the target stimuli.
几项研究认为,引发负面情绪的词,如厌恶,比中性词更能吸引注意力,并在记忆中留下更持久的痕迹。然而,这些结论通常基于要求参与者以自愿的方式处理这些词的语义内容的任务。我们试图使用作为罕见和意外听觉干扰物的厌恶和中性词在跨模态Oddball 任务中比较它们的非自愿注意力吸引力,然后在惊喜识别任务中探测参与者对这些刺激的记忆。经典和贝叶斯分析结果一致表明,与标准音调相比,在视觉分类任务中,厌恶和中性听觉词产生了显著但相当的干扰水平,在偶然识别任务中,它们引起了相当的记忆辨别力,并且参与者对厌恶的个体敏感性不会影响结果。我们的结果表明,意外单词的干扰不受其情绪效价的调节,至少在这些单词与目标刺激在时间和感知上分离且无关紧要时是这样。