Dawson P
Department of Radiology, Hammersmith Hospital, London, England.
Am J Cardiol. 1989 Sep 5;64(9):2E-9E. doi: 10.1016/0002-9149(89)90727-3.
Iodinated radiologic contrast agents should, ideally, passively provide radiographic contrast in blood vessels and soft tissues but have no effects on physiology, hematology or biochemistry. In practice, no such agent exists although the nonionics most closely approach the ideal. All agents have a bewildering variety of effects on the cardiovascular system, which, in turn, engender a variety of neurogenic and humoral responses. The mechanisms underpinning these many phenomena appear to involve hyperosmolality, molecular structure, ionic content and balance. This review presents the current state of knowledge of these effects and their mechanisms, with emphasis on the differences between conventional ionic and more inert nonionic agents.
理想情况下，碘化放射造影剂应能在血管和软组织中被动地提供放射造影效果，但对生理、血液学或生物化学无影响。实际上，尽管非离子型造影剂最接近理想状态，但并不存在这样的造影剂。所有造影剂对心血管系统都有各种各样令人困惑的影响，进而引发各种神经源性和体液反应。支撑这些众多现象的机制似乎涉及高渗性、分子结构、离子含量和平衡。本综述介绍了这些影响及其机制的当前知识状态，重点强调了传统离子型造影剂与更惰性的非离子型造影剂之间的差异。
