Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany , Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509, Albany, New York 12201-0509, United States.
Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center and Bioactive Natural Products Research Group, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Environ Sci Technol. 2016 Feb 2;50(3):1174-81. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.5b05516. Epub 2016 Jan 19.
Little is known about the occurrence and fate of parabens and their metabolites in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). In this study, mass loadings, removal efficiencies, and environmental emission of six parabens, four of their metabolites (4-hydroxy benzoate, 3,4-dihydroxy benzoate, methyl-protocatechuate, and ethyl-protocatechuate) and benzoic acid were studied based on the concentrations determined in wastewater influent, primary effluent, final effluent, suspended particulate matter (SPM), and sludge collected from two WWTPs (denoted as WWTP(A) and WWTP(B)) in the Albany area of New York State. The median respective concentrations of sum of parabens (Σparabens = 6 parent compounds) and paraben-metabolites (Σmetabolites = 4 metabolites) were 73.1-158 and 5460-10,000 ng/L in influents, and 1.96-5.57 and 2060-2550 ng/L in final effluents. The concentrations of Σmetabolites were significantly higher than those of Σparabens in sludge and SPM. The removal efficiencies for parabens (89.6-99.9%) were higher than those for their metabolites (25.9-90.6%). The respective mass loadings of parabens and their metabolites were 46.3 and 6210 mg/d/1000 people for WWTP(A) and 176 and 63,100 mg/d/1000 people for WWTP(B). The environmental emission of parabens and their metabolites through WWTP discharges was 4.85-6.16 and 1270-2050 mg/d/1000 people, respectively.
关于防腐剂及其代谢物在废水处理厂（WWTP）中的出现和命运，人们知之甚少。在这项研究中，根据纽约州奥尔巴尼地区两个 WWTP（分别表示为 WWTP(A) 和 WWTP(B)）的进水、初沉出水、终沉出水、悬浮颗粒物（SPM）和污泥中检测到的浓度，研究了六种防腐剂、其中四种代谢物（4-羟基苯甲酸、3,4-二羟基苯甲酸、甲基原儿茶酸和乙基原儿茶酸）和苯甲酸的质量负荷、去除效率和环境排放。Σ 防腐剂（Σ 种母体化合物）和防腐剂代谢物（Σ 代谢物）的中值浓度分别为进水 73.1-158ng/L 和 5460-10000ng/L，终沉出水 1.96-5.57ng/L 和 2060-2550ng/L。Σ 代谢物的浓度在污泥和 SPM 中明显高于 Σ 防腐剂。防腐剂（89.6-99.9%）的去除效率高于其代谢物（25.9-90.6%）。WWTP(A)和 WWTP(B)的个人日负荷量分别为 46.3mg 和 6210mg 用于防腐剂及其代谢物，176mg 和 63100mg 用于 WWTP(A)和 WWTP(B)。通过 WWTP 排放的防腐剂及其代谢物的环境排放量分别为 4.85-6.16mg/d/1000 人和 1270-2050mg/d/1000 人。
