Biodesign Center for Environmental Security, Biodesign Institute, School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, 781 E. Terrace Mall, Tempe, AZ 85287, United States.
School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5000, United States.
Sci Total Environ. 2017 Sep 1;593-594:368-374. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.162. Epub 2017 Mar 27.
Five parabens used as preservatives in pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) were measured in sewage sludges collected at 14 U.S. wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) located in nine states. Detected concentration ranges (ng/g, dry weight) and frequencies were as follows: methyl paraben (15.9 to 203.0; 100%), propyl paraben (0.5 to 7.7; 100%), ethyl paraben (<0.6 to 2.6; 63%), butyl paraben (<0.4 to 4.3; 42%) and benzyl paraben (<0.4 to 3.3; 26%). The estrogenicity inherent to the sum of parabens detected in sewage sludge (ranging from 10.1 to 500.1pg/kg 17β-estradiol equivalents) was insignificant when compared to the 10-times higher value calculated for natural estrogens reported in the literature to occur in sewage sludge. Temporal monitoring at one WWTP provided insights into temporal and seasonal variations in paraben concentrations. This is the first report on the occurrence of five parabens in sewage sludges from across the U.S., and internationally, the first on temporal variations of paraben levels in sewage sludge. Study results will help to inform the risk assessment of sewage sludge destined for land application (biosolids).
在美国九个州的 14 个污水处理厂（WWTP）采集的污水污泥中，测定了五种作为医药和个人护理产品（PPCPs）防腐剂的对羟基苯甲酸酯。检测到的浓度范围（ng/g，干重）和频率如下：甲基对羟基苯甲酸酯（15.9 至 203.0；100%）、丙基对羟基苯甲酸酯（0.5 至 7.7；100%）、乙基对羟基苯甲酸酯（<0.6 至 2.6；63%）、丁基对羟基苯甲酸酯（<0.4 至 4.3；42%）和苄基对羟基苯甲酸酯（<0.4 至 3.3；26%）。与文献中报道的污水污泥中天然雌激素高出 10 倍的 17β-雌二醇当量值相比，污水污泥中检测到的对羟基苯甲酸酯总量所具有的雌激素活性可以忽略不计。在一个 WWTP 进行的时间监测提供了对污水污泥中对羟基苯甲酸酯浓度随时间和季节变化的见解。这是美国各地污水污泥中五种对羟基苯甲酸酯的首次报道，也是国际上首次报道污水污泥中对羟基苯甲酸酯水平的时间变化。研究结果将有助于为用于土地应用（生物固体）的污水污泥的风险评估提供信息。
