Johnston Jencilin, Taylor Erik N, Gilbert Richard J, Webster Thomas J
Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
Int J Nanomedicine. 2015 Dec 22;11:45-52. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S93222. eCollection 2016.
Vibrational spectroscopy is a powerful analytical tool that assesses molecular properties based on spectroscopic signatures. In this study, the effect of gold nanoparticle morphology (spherical vs multi-branched) was assessed for the characterization of a Raman signal (ie, molecular fingerprint) that may be helpful for numerous medical applications. Multi-branched gold nanoparticles (MBAuNPs) were fabricated using a green chemistry method which employed the reduction of gold ion solute by 2-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazyl] ethane sulfonic acid. Two types of reporter dyes, indocyanine (IR820 and IR792) and carbocyanine (DTTC [3,3'-diethylthiatricarbocyanine iodide] and DTDC [3,3'-diethylthiadicarbocyanine iodide]), were functionalized to the surface of the MBAuNPs and stabilized with denatured bovine serum albumin, thus forming the surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy tag. Fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated anti-epidermal growth factor receptor to the surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy tags and the properties of the resulting conjugates were assessed through determination of the Raman signal. Using the MBAuNP Raman probes synthesized in this manner, we demonstrated that MBAuNP provided significantly more surface-enhanced Raman scattering signal when compared with the associated spherical gold nanoparticle of similar size and concentration. MBAuNP enhancements were retained in the surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy tags complexed to anti-epidermal growth factor receptor, providing evidence that this could be a useful biological probe for enhanced Raman molecular fingerprinting. Furthermore, while utilizing IR820 as a novel reporter dye linked with MBAuNP, superior Raman signal fingerprint results were obtained. Such results provide significant promise for the use of MBAuNP in the detection of numerous diseases for which biologically specific surface markers exist.
振动光谱学是一种强大的分析工具，可根据光谱特征评估分子特性。在本研究中，评估了金纳米颗粒形态（球形与多分支）对拉曼信号（即分子指纹）表征的影响，这可能对众多医学应用有所帮助。使用绿色化学方法制备多分支金纳米颗粒（MBAuNP），该方法采用2-[4-(2-羟乙基)-1-哌嗪基]乙烷磺酸还原金离子溶质。两种类型的报告染料，吲哚菁（IR820和IR792）和碳菁（DTTC [3,3'-二乙基硫代三碳菁碘化物]和DTDC [3,3'-二乙基硫代二碳菁碘化物]）被功能化到MBAuNP表面，并用变性牛血清白蛋白稳定，从而形成表面增强拉曼光谱标签。将异硫氰酸荧光素偶联的抗表皮生长因子受体连接到表面增强拉曼光谱标签上，并通过测定拉曼信号评估所得缀合物的性质。使用以这种方式合成的MBAuNP拉曼探针，我们证明与类似大小和浓度的相关球形金纳米颗粒相比，MBAuNP提供了明显更多的表面增强拉曼散射信号。MBAuNP的增强作用保留在与抗表皮生长因子受体复合的表面增强拉曼光谱标签中，这证明这可能是一种用于增强拉曼分子指纹识别的有用生物探针。此外，当使用IR820作为与MBAuNP连接的新型报告染料时，获得了优异的拉曼信号指纹结果。这些结果为MBAuNP在检测存在生物特异性表面标志物的多种疾病中的应用提供了重要前景。
