Stolarski Maciej, Jankowski Konrad S, Matthews Gerald, Kawalerczyk Justyna
a Faculty of Psychology , University of Warsaw , Warsaw , Poland.
b Institute for Simulation and Training, University of Central Florida , Orlando , FL , USA.
Chronobiol Int. 2016;33(1):51-63. doi: 10.3109/07420528.2015.1115413. Epub 2016 Jan 5.
Emotional intelligence (EI) and morningness-eveningness (M-E) preference have been shown to influence mood states. The present article investigates the way in which these two constructs may interact, influencing morning and evening mood levels. A sample of 172 participants completed a multidimensional mood scale measuring energetic arousal (EA), tense arousal (TA), and hedonic tone at 7:00 and at 22:00. As expected, morning and evening types experienced higher EA at their preferred time of day; effects of M-E on other mood dimensions were weaker. EI was found to correlate with lower TA, but the association was stronger at 22:00, perhaps reflecting the role of EI in managing the social events characteristic for the evening hours. An interactive effect of EI and M-E was found for both diurnal changes and morning levels of EA. Namely, in individuals higher in EI, there appeared a more marked synchrony effect between chronotype and EA, which was absent in those low in EI; individuals higher in EI showed more pronounced diurnal changes in EA characteristic for their chronotype (i.e., higher EA at morning hours in morning chronotypes; higher EA at evening hours in evening chronotypes), while in participants low in EI, diurnal changes in EA were smaller. Moreover, the characteristic positive association between morningness and EA during morning hours was apparent only in those high in EI. These findings suggest that individual differences in circadian variation in mood reflect several factors, including an endogenous rhythm in energy, the distribution of social activities throughout the day, and the person's awareness of their own energy level.
情绪智力（EI）和晨型-夜型（M-E）偏好已被证明会影响情绪状态。本文研究了这两种结构可能相互作用、影响早晚情绪水平的方式。172名参与者的样本在早上7点和晚上10点完成了一项多维情绪量表，测量精力充沛的唤醒（EA）、紧张的唤醒（TA）和享乐基调。正如预期的那样，晨型和夜型在他们偏好的一天中的时间经历了更高的EA；M-E对其他情绪维度的影响较弱。发现EI与较低的TA相关，但这种关联在22:00时更强，这可能反映了EI在管理夜间典型社交活动中的作用。对于EA的昼夜变化和早晨水平，发现了EI和M-E的交互作用。也就是说，在EI较高的个体中，生物钟类型和EA之间出现了更明显的同步效应，而在EI较低的个体中则不存在这种效应；EI较高的个体在其生物钟类型所特有的EA中表现出更明显的昼夜变化（即，晨型生物钟的个体在早晨时段EA较高；夜型生物钟的个体在晚上时段EA较高），而在EI较低的参与者中，EA的昼夜变化较小。此外，仅在EI较高的个体中，早晨时段晨型和EA之间典型的正相关才明显。这些发现表明，情绪昼夜变化的个体差异反映了几个因素，包括能量的内源性节律、一天中社交活动的分布以及个体对自身能量水平的意识。
