Zou Haowen, Zhou Hongliang, Yan Rui, Yao Zhijian, Lu Qing
Nanjing Brain Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
Front Neurosci. 2022 Aug 10;16:811771. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2022.811771. eCollection 2022.
The circadian rhythm is crucial for physiological and behavioral functions. Chronotype, which represents individual preferences for activity and performance, is associated with human health issues, particularly psychiatric disorders. This narrative review, which focuses on the relationship between chronotype and mental disorders, provides an insight into the potential mechanism. Recent evidence indicates that (1) the evening chronotype is a risk factor for depressive disorders and substance use disorders, whereas the morning chronotype is a protective factor. (2) Evening chronotype individuals with bipolar disorder tend to have more severe symptoms and comorbidities. (3) The evening chronotype is only related to anxiety symptoms. (4) The relationship between chronotype and schizophrenia remains unclear, despite increasing evidence on their link. (5) The evening chronotype is significantly associated with eating disorders, with the majority of studies have focused on binge eating disorders. Furthermore, the underlying mechanisms or influence factors are described in detail, including clock genes, brain characteristics, neuroendocrinology, the light/dark cycle, social factors, psychological factors, and sleep disorders. These findings provide the latest evidence on chronotypes and psychiatric disorders and serve as a valuable reference for researchers.
昼夜节律对生理和行为功能至关重要。生物钟类型代表个体对活动和表现的偏好，与人类健康问题相关，尤其是精神疾病。这篇叙述性综述聚焦于生物钟类型与精神障碍之间的关系，深入探讨了潜在机制。近期证据表明：（1）晚睡型生物钟是抑郁症和物质使用障碍的危险因素，而早起型生物钟是保护因素。（2）双相情感障碍的晚睡型生物钟个体往往症状更严重且合并症更多。（3）晚睡型生物钟仅与焦虑症状有关。（4）尽管生物钟类型与精神分裂症之间的联系证据越来越多，但其关系仍不明确。（5）晚睡型生物钟与饮食失调显著相关，大多数研究集中在暴饮暴食症。此外，还详细描述了潜在机制或影响因素，包括生物钟基因、大脑特征、神经内分泌学、光/暗周期、社会因素、心理因素和睡眠障碍。这些发现为生物钟类型和精神障碍提供了最新证据，可供研究人员参考。
