Ibáñez-Del Valle Vanessa, Navarro-Martínez Rut, Cauli Omar
Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Podiatry, University of Valencia, c/de Méndez y Pelayo, 19, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
Frailty and Cognitive Impairment Organized Group (FROG), University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
J Clin Med. 2025 Jun 23;14(13):4440. doi: 10.3390/jcm14134440.
: Numerous studies have documented the effect of human chronotypes on psychological well-being. This study aimed to examine the associations of chronotype subtypes and mental health among Spanish university students. : Sociodemographic data were collected electronically using a self-administered questionnaire with Google Forms. In addition, participants completed The Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) by Horne and Östberg, the Goldberg Anxiety and Depression Scale (GADS), and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). : Two hundred and eighty-nine students participated in the study. The most prevalent chronotype in the study sample was the intermediate (64.4%), followed by the evening (19.4%) and the morning (16.3%) chronotypes. Based on cut-off scores of the instruments used, the percentage of students with relevant symptoms of anxiety, depression and stress was high, 45.3%, 46.4% and 79.6%, respectively. Statistical analysis showed statistically significant differences between the total score of the Goldberg scale and the three chronotype categories, with higher scores in the evening group. A multivariate regression model analysis also identified a statistically significant correlation between the depression subscale and chronotype (R squared = 0.287) and between evening vs. morning chronotype (OR = 0.48; IC 95% [0.23-0.98]) and evening vs. intermediate chronotype (OR = 2.60; 95% CI [1.00-5.08]). In turn, the depression subscale showed a statistically significant correlation with the variables gender (OR = 2.22; 95% CI [1.03-4.76] being more frequent in women) and daily consumption of stimulant drinks (OR = 0.54; 95% CI [0.31-0.94]; being higher in people with lower consumption). The anxiety subscale showed a statistically significant correlation with chronotype (R squared = 0.309) and with evening vs. morning chronotype (OR = 0.46, 95% CI [0.22-0.94]). With respect to stress, there was a statistically significant correlation with gender (OR = 3.08, 95% CI [1.40-6.79], being more frequent in women), with chronotype (R squared = 0.141), and with evening vs. morning chronotype (OR = 0.34, 95% CI [0.16-0.72]). : Our results suggest that students with an evening chronotype are more likely to suffer from mental health problems, and interventions to improve their mental health are necessary.
众多研究记录了人类昼夜节律类型对心理健康的影响。本研究旨在探讨西班牙大学生中昼夜节律类型亚型与心理健康之间的关联。
社会人口学数据通过使用谷歌表单的自填问卷以电子方式收集。此外，参与者完成了霍恩和奥斯特伯格编制的晨型 - 夜型问卷（MEQ）、戈德堡焦虑抑郁量表（GADS）以及感知压力量表（PSS）。
289名学生参与了该研究。研究样本中最常见的昼夜节律类型是中间型（64.4%），其次是夜型（19.4%）和晨型（16.3%）。根据所使用工具的临界分数，有焦虑、抑郁和压力相关症状的学生比例较高，分别为45.3%、46.4%和79.6%。统计分析表明，戈德堡量表总分在三种昼夜节律类型类别之间存在统计学显著差异，夜型组得分更高。多元回归模型分析还确定了抑郁子量表与昼夜节律类型之间存在统计学显著相关性（决定系数R² = 0.287），以及夜型与晨型昼夜节律类型之间（比值比OR = 0.48；95%置信区间[0.23 - 0.98]）和夜型与中间型昼夜节律类型之间（OR = 2.60；95%置信区间[1.00 - 5.08]）存在相关性。反过来，抑郁子量表与性别变量（OR = 2.22；95%置信区间[1.03 - 4.76]，女性更常见）和刺激性饮料的每日消费量（OR = 0.54；95%置信区间[0.31 - 0.94]；消费量较低的人群中得分更高）存在统计学显著相关性。焦虑子量表与昼夜节律类型（R² = 0.309）以及夜型与晨型昼夜节律类型（OR = 0.46，95%置信区间[0.22 - 0.94]）存在统计学显著相关性。关于压力，与性别（OR = 3.08，95%置信区间[1.40 - 6.79]，女性更常见）、昼夜节律类型（R² = 0.141）以及夜型与晨型昼夜节律类型（OR = 0.34，95%置信区间[0.16 - 0.72]）存在统计学显著相关性。
我们的研究结果表明，夜型昼夜节律类型的学生更有可能患有心理健康问题，因此有必要采取干预措施来改善他们的心理健康。
