Ferguson J Connor, Chechetto Rodolfo G, O'Donnell Chris C, Dorr Gary J, Moore John H, Baker Greg J, Powis Kevin J, Hewitt Andrew J
The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia.
São Paulo State University - FCA, Department of Rural Engineering, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
Pest Manag Sci. 2016 Aug;72(8):1460-6. doi: 10.1002/ps.4214. Epub 2016 Feb 2.
Previous research has sought to adopt the use of drift-reducing technologies (DRTs) for use in field trials to control diamondback moth (DBM) Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) in canola (Brassica napus L.). Previous studies observed no difference in canopy penetration from fine to coarse sprays, but the coverage was higher for fine sprays. DBM has a strong propensity to avoid sprayed plant material, putting further pressure on selecting technologies that maximise coverage, but often this is at the expense of a greater drift potential. This study aims to examine the addition of a DRT oil that is labelled for control of DBM as well and its effect on the drift potential of the spray solution. The objectives of the study are to quantify the droplet size spectrum and spray drift potential of each nozzle type to select technologies that reduce spray drift, to examine the effect of the insecticide tank mix at both (50 and 100 L ha(-1) ) application rates on droplet size and spray drift potential across tested nozzle type and to compare the droplet size results of each nozzle by tank mix against the drift potential of each nozzle.
The nozzle type affected the drift potential the most, but the spray solution also affected drift potential. The fine spray quality (TCP) resulted in the greatest drift potential (7.2%), whereas the coarse spray quality (AIXR) resulted in the lowest (1.3%), across all spray solutions. The spray solutions mixed at the 100 L ha(-1) application volume rate resulted in a higher drift potential than the same products mixed at the 50 L ha(-1) mix rate. The addition of the paraffinic DRT oil was significant in reducing the drift potential of Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstkai (Bt)-only treatments across all tested nozzle types. The reduction in drift potential from the fine spray quality to the coarse spray quality was up to 85%.
The addition of a DRT oil is an effective way to reduce the spray solution drift potential across all nozzle types and tank mixes evaluated in this study. The greatest reduction in drift potential can be achieved by changing nozzle type, which can reduce the losses of the spray to the surrounding environment. Venturi nozzles greatly reduce the drift potential compared with standard nozzles by as much as 85% across all three insecticide spray solutions. Results suggest that a significant reduction in drift potential can be achieved by changing the nozzle type, and can be achieved without a loss in control of DBM. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
此前的研究试图采用减少漂移技术（DRTs）用于田间试验，以防治油菜（甘蓝型油菜）上的小菜蛾（DBM）小菜蛾（鳞翅目：菜蛾科）。先前的研究观察到，从细喷雾到粗喷雾，冠层穿透没有差异，但细喷雾的覆盖率更高。小菜蛾有很强的避开喷施植物材料的倾向，这给选择能使覆盖率最大化的技术带来了更大压力，但这往往是以更大的漂移可能性为代价的。本研究旨在研究添加一种也标有用于防治小菜蛾的DRT油及其对喷雾溶液漂移可能性的影响。该研究的目的是量化每种喷嘴类型的液滴尺寸谱和喷雾漂移可能性，以选择减少喷雾漂移的技术，研究杀虫剂桶混物在两种施用量（50和100升公顷⁻¹）下对测试喷嘴类型的液滴尺寸和喷雾漂移可能性的影响，并比较每种喷嘴按桶混物的液滴尺寸结果与每种喷嘴的漂移可能性。
喷嘴类型对漂移可能性影响最大，但喷雾溶液也会影响漂移可能性。在所有喷雾溶液中，细喷雾质量（TCP）导致的漂移可能性最大（7.2%），而粗喷雾质量（AIXR）导致的漂移可能性最低（1.3%）。以100升公顷⁻¹施用量混合的喷雾溶液比以50升公顷⁻¹混合比例混合的相同产品导致更高的漂移可能性。添加石蜡基DRT油在降低苏云金芽孢杆菌库尔斯塔克变种（Bt）单一处理在所有测试喷嘴类型中的漂移可能性方面具有显著效果。从细喷雾质量到粗喷雾质量，漂移可能性的降低高达85%。
添加DRT油是减少本研究中评估的所有喷嘴类型和桶混物的喷雾溶液漂移可能性的有效方法。通过改变喷嘴类型可以实现最大程度的漂移可能性降低，这可以减少喷雾向周围环境的损失。与标准喷嘴相比，文丘里喷嘴在所有三种杀虫剂喷雾溶液中可将漂移可能性大大降低多达85%。结果表明，通过改变喷嘴类型可以显著降低漂移可能性，并且可以在不损失对小菜蛾防治效果的情况下实现。© 2016化学工业协会。
