Research Institute of Horticulture, Konstytucji 3 Maja 1/3, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland.
Sci Total Environ. 2017 Jan 1;575:1239-1246. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.09.200. Epub 2016 Oct 6.
The coarse spray air-induction nozzles have documented pesticide drift reducing potential and hence pose lower risk of environmental pollution than the standard fine spray hollow cone nozzles. However, it is questioned that use of the low-drift nozzles might not provide as effective crop protection as the standard nozzles. The objective of work was to assess the pest and disease control efficacy as affected by spray volume rate and nozzle type. The experiment was carried out in apple orchard, cv Jonagold/M26. The evaluated treatments were combinations of three spray volume rates: 250, 500 and 750lha, and two types of nozzles: hollow cone nozzles generating very fine spray, and flat fan air induction nozzles producing coarse droplets. The biological performance of treatments was determined based on severity of diseases: apple scab (Venturia inaequalis), powdery mildew (Podosphaera leucotricha) and bull's eye rot (Pezicula spp.), as well as population or damage caused by pests: green apple aphid (Aphis pomi), rosy apple aphid (Dysaphis plantaginea Pass.), woolly apple aphid (Eriosoma lanigerum), apple rust mite (Aculus schlechtendali) and apple blossom weevil (Anthonomus pomorum L.). In general apple scab was equally controlled by all treatments. Only in the years of high infection pressure efficacy of powdery mildew control was better for fine spray nozzles and high volume rates. Green and rosy apple aphids were better controlled with higher volume rates, though significance of the advantage over the lower rates was occasional. No effect of spray quality on efficacy of aphid and mite control was found for any spray volume rate. Better control of apple blossom weevil and woolly apple aphid was achieved with the high spray volume rate providing heavy coverage to the point of run-off. The air induction nozzles having drift reducing potential are biologically efficacious alternative to conventional hollow cone nozzles.
粗雾空气诱导喷嘴具有减少农药漂移的记录，因此比标准细雾空心锥形喷嘴造成的环境污染风险更低。然而，有人质疑使用低漂移喷嘴可能不如标准喷嘴提供有效的作物保护。这项工作的目的是评估喷雾量和喷嘴类型对病虫害防治效果的影响。该实验在苹果园（品种为 Jonagold/M26）中进行。评估的处理方法是将三种喷雾量（250、500 和 750lha）与两种类型的喷嘴（产生非常细雾的空心锥形喷嘴和平板扇形空气诱导喷嘴）相结合。处理方法的生物性能是根据疾病的严重程度来确定的：苹果黑星病（Venturia inaequalis）、白粉病（Podosphaera leucotricha）和黑心果腐病（Pezicula spp.），以及害虫造成的种群或损害：青苹果蚜虫（Aphis pomi）、玫瑰苹果蚜虫（Dysaphis plantaginea Pass.）、苹果绵蚜（Eriosoma lanigerum）、苹果锈螨（Aculus schlechtendali）和苹果花象鼻虫（Anthonomus pomorum L.）。一般来说，所有处理方法对苹果黑星病的控制效果都相同。只有在感染压力高的年份，细雾喷嘴和高喷雾量对白粉病的防治效果更好。较高的喷雾量更有利于控制绿苹果蚜虫和玫瑰苹果蚜虫，但与低喷雾量相比，其优势并不总是显著。在任何喷雾量下，喷雾质量对蚜虫和螨虫防治效果均无影响。高喷雾量可有效防治苹果花象鼻虫和苹果绵蚜，因为高喷雾量可提供对虫害的重度覆盖，直至产生径流。具有减少漂移潜力的空气诱导喷嘴是传统空心锥形喷嘴的有效替代物。
