West Central Research and Extension Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, North Platte, NE, USA.
Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA.
Sci Rep. 2020 Feb 7;10(1):2146. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-59126-9.
While the introduction of herbicide tolerant crops provided growers new options to manage weeds, the widespread adoption of these herbicides increased the risk for herbicide spray drift to surrounding vegetation. The impact of herbicide drift in sensitive crops is extensively investigated, whereas scarce information is available on the consequences of herbicide drift in non-target plants. Weeds are often abundant in field margins and ditches surrounding agricultural landscapes. Repeated herbicide drift exposure to weeds could be detrimental to long-term management as numerous weeds evolved herbicide resistance following recurrent-selection with low herbicide rates. The objective of this study was to evaluate if glyphosate, 2,4-D, and dicamba spray drift could select Amaranthus spp. biotypes with reduced herbicide sensitivity. Palmer amaranth and waterhemp populations were recurrently exposed to herbicide drift in a wind tunnel study over two generations. Seeds from survival plants were used for the subsequent rounds of herbicide drift exposure. Progenies were subjected to herbicide dose-response studies following drift selection. Herbicide drift exposure rapidly selected for Amaranthus spp. biotypes with reduced herbicide sensitivity over two generations. Weed management programs should consider strategies to mitigate near-field spray drift and suppress the establishment of resistance-prone weeds on field borders and ditches in agricultural landscapes.
虽然耐除草剂作物的引入为种植者提供了管理杂草的新选择，但这些除草剂的广泛使用增加了除草剂飘移到周围植被的风险。除草剂飘移对敏感作物的影响已得到广泛研究，而关于非靶标植物中除草剂飘移后果的信息却很少。杂草通常在农田边缘和周围的沟渠中大量存在。由于许多杂草在低除草剂浓度的反复选择下进化出了抗药性，因此，杂草反复接触除草剂飘移可能会对长期管理造成危害。本研究的目的是评估草甘膦、2,4-D 和二甲四氯的飘移是否会选择对除草剂敏感性降低的苋属生物型。在一个风洞研究中，在两个世代中，重复将腺毛藜和胜红蓟种群暴露于除草剂飘移中。来自存活植物的种子被用于随后的除草剂飘移暴露轮次。在飘移选择后，对后代进行除草剂剂量反应研究。在两个世代中，除草剂飘移暴露迅速选择了对除草剂敏感性降低的苋属生物型。杂草管理计划应考虑采取策略来减轻近场喷雾飘移，并抑制在农田边缘和沟渠中建立抗药性强的杂草。
