脊椎动物神经发生过程中组蛋白的翻译后修饰

Mitrousis Nikolaos, Tropepe Vincent, Hermanson Ola

Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto Toronto, ON, Canada.

Department of Cell and Systems Biology, Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function, University of Toronto Toronto, ON, Canada.

Front Neurosci. 2015 Dec 24;9:483. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00483. eCollection 2015.

The process of neurogenesis, through which the entire nervous system of an organism is formed, has attracted immense scientific attention for decades. How can a single neural stem cell give rise to astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and neurons? Furthermore, how is a neuron led to choose between the hundreds of different neuronal subtypes that the vertebrate CNS contains? Traditionally, niche signals and transcription factors have been on the spotlight. Recent research is increasingly demonstrating that the answer may partially lie in epigenetic regulation of gene expression. In this article, we comprehensively review the role of post-translational histone modifications in neurogenesis in both the embryonic and adult CNS.

神经发生过程形成了生物体的整个神经系统，几十年来一直吸引着科学界的广泛关注。单个神经干细胞如何产生星形胶质细胞、少突胶质细胞和神经元？此外，脊椎动物中枢神经系统包含数百种不同的神经元亚型，神经元如何在这些亚型中做出选择？传统上，生态位信号和转录因子一直备受关注。最近的研究越来越表明，答案可能部分在于基因表达的表观遗传调控。在本文中，我们全面综述了翻译后组蛋白修饰在胚胎和成体中枢神经系统神经发生中的作用。