U.S. Salinity Lab USDA, ARS, 450 W. Big Springs Road, Riverside, CA 92507-4617, USA.
U.S. Salinity Lab USDA, ARS, 450 W. Big Springs Road, Riverside, CA 92507-4617, USA.
Water Res. 2016 Mar 1;90:185-202. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.12.024. Epub 2015 Dec 17.
Waterborne illnesses are a growing concern among health and regulatory agencies worldwide. The United States Environmental Protection Agency has established several rules to combat the contamination of water supplies by cryptosporidium oocysts, however, the detection and study of cryptosporidium oocysts is hampered by methodological and financial constraints. As a result, numerous surrogates for cryptosporidium oocysts have been proposed by the scientific community and efforts are underway to evaluate many of the proposed surrogates. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the suitability of aerobic bacterial spores to serve as a surrogate for cryptosporidium oocysts in identifying contaminated drinking waters. To accomplish this we present a comparison of the biology and life cycles of aerobic spores and oocysts and compare their physical properties. An analysis of their surface properties is presented along with a review of the literature in regards to the transport, survival, and prevalence of aerobic spores and oocysts in the saturated subsurface environment. Aerobic spores and oocysts share many commonalities with regard to biology and survivability, and the environmental prevalence and ease of detection make aerobic spores a promising surrogate for cryptosporidium oocysts in surface and groundwater. However, the long-term transport and release of aerobic spores still needs to be further studied, and compared with available oocyst information. In addition, the surface properties and environmental interactions of spores are known to be highly dependent on the spore taxa and purification procedures, and additional research is needed to address these issues in the context of transport.
水生疾病是全球卫生和监管机构日益关注的问题。美国环境保护署已经制定了几项规则来对抗隐孢子虫卵囊对水供应的污染，然而，隐孢子虫卵囊的检测和研究受到方法和财务限制的阻碍。因此，科学界已经提出了许多隐孢子虫卵囊的替代物，并且正在努力评估许多提议的替代物。本综述的目的是评估需氧细菌孢子作为鉴定受污染饮用水中隐孢子虫卵囊的替代物的适用性。为了实现这一目标，我们比较了需氧孢子和卵囊的生物学和生命周期，并比较了它们的物理性质。分析了它们的表面性质，并回顾了关于需氧孢子和卵囊在饱和地下环境中的迁移、存活和流行的文献。需氧孢子和卵囊在生物学和生存能力方面有许多共同之处，并且环境流行程度和检测容易程度使得需氧孢子成为地表水和地下水中隐孢子虫卵囊的有前途的替代物。然而，需氧孢子的长期迁移和释放仍需要进一步研究，并与现有的卵囊信息进行比较。此外，已知孢子的表面性质和环境相互作用高度依赖于孢子的分类和纯化程序，需要进一步研究这些问题，以在运输方面解决这些问题。
