Communication, Business and Information Technology.
Center for Science, Society and Policy, Roskilde University, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark; email:
Annu Rev Public Health. 2016;37:237-51. doi: 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-032315-021537. Epub 2015 Dec 30.
In recent years, the nudge approach to behavior change has emerged from the behavioral sciences to challenge the traditional use of regulation in public health strategies to address modifiable individual-level behaviors related to the rise of noncommunicable diseases and their treatment. However, integration and testing of the nudge approach as part of more comprehensive public health strategies aimed at making healthy choices easier are being threatened by inadequate understandings of its scientific character, its relationship with regulation, and its ethical implications. This article reviews this character and its ethical implication with a special emphasis on the compatibility of nudging with traditional regulation, special domains of experience, and the need for a more nuanced approach to the ethical debate. The aim is to advance readers' understanding and give guidance to those who have considered working with or incorporating the nudge approach into programs or policies aimed at making healthful choices easier.
近年来，行为改变的“助推”方法从行为科学中脱颖而出，挑战了传统上在公共卫生策略中使用法规来解决与非传染性疾病及其治疗相关的可改变的个体行为的做法。然而，作为旨在使健康选择更容易的更全面公共卫生策略的一部分，对“助推”方法的整合和测试正受到对其科学性质、与法规的关系及其伦理影响的理解不足的威胁。本文综述了这种特性及其伦理含义，特别强调了助推与传统法规、特殊经验领域的兼容性，以及对伦理辩论需要采取更细致入微的方法。目的是提高读者的理解，并为那些考虑与助推方法合作或将其纳入旨在使健康选择更容易的方案或政策的人提供指导。
