Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshe East, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China.
Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China.
Prog Neurobiol. 2016 Feb;137:1-16. doi: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2015.11.001. Epub 2015 Dec 29.
Signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs) comprise a family of cytoplasmic transcription factors that mediate intracellular signaling. This signaling is typically generated at cell surface receptors, the activation of which results in the translocation of STATs to the nucleus. STATs are involved in biological events as diverse as embryonic development, programmed cell death, organogenesis, innate immunity, adaptive immunity and cell growth regulation in organisms ranging from slime molds to insects to humans. Numerous studies have demonstrated the activation of STAT3 in neurological diseases, particularly in cerebral ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. Additionally, STAT3 has also been reported to play a critical role in neuroprotective therapies. In light of the pleiotropic effects of STAT3 on the nervous system, we present the elaborate network of roles that STAT3 plays in cerebral ischemia and hemorrhage in this review. First, we introduce basic knowledge regarding STAT3 and briefly summarize the activation, inactivation, and regulation of the STAT3 pathway. Next, we describe the activation of STAT3 following cerebral ischemia and hemorrhage. Subsequently, we discuss the physiopathological roles of STAT3 in cerebral ischemia and hemorrhage. Moreover, we summarize several significant cerebral ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke treatments that target the STAT3 signaling pathway, including pharmacological and physical therapies. Finally, we highlight research progress on STAT3 in stroke. This review presents the important roles of STAT3 in the nervous system and may contribute to the promotion of STAT3 as a new therapeutic target.
信号转导子和转录激活子（STATs）是一类细胞内信号转导的细胞质转录因子，介导细胞内信号转导。这种信号通常在细胞表面受体中产生，其激活导致 STATs 易位到细胞核。STATs 参与从黏菌到昆虫再到人类等生物体的胚胎发育、程序性细胞死亡、器官发生、先天免疫、适应性免疫和细胞生长调节等各种生物学事件。许多研究表明 STAT3 在神经疾病中被激活，特别是在脑缺血和出血性中风中。此外，已有报道称 STAT3 在神经保护治疗中也起着关键作用。鉴于 STAT3 对神经系统的多效性影响，我们在本综述中阐述了 STAT3 在脑缺血和出血中的作用的详细网络。首先，我们介绍了有关 STAT3 的基础知识，并简要总结了 STAT3 通路的激活、失活和调节。接下来，我们描述了脑缺血和出血后 STAT3 的激活。随后，我们讨论了 STAT3 在脑缺血和出血中的生理病理作用。此外，我们总结了几种针对 STAT3 信号通路的重要脑缺血和出血性中风治疗方法，包括药理学和物理治疗。最后，我们强调了 STAT3 在中风中的研究进展。本综述介绍了 STAT3 在神经系统中的重要作用，并可能有助于促进 STAT3 成为新的治疗靶点。
