Ismail Siti Izera, Batzer Jean Carlson, Harrington Thomas C, Crous Pedro W, Lavrov Dennis V, Li Huanyu, Gleason Mark L
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011.
Mycologia. 2016 Mar-Apr;108(2):292-302. doi: 10.3852/15-036. Epub 2016 Jan 6.
Members of the sooty blotch and flyspeck (SBFS) complex are epiphytic fungi in the Ascomycota that cause economically damaging blemishes of apples worldwide. SBFS fungi are polyphyletic, but approx. 96% of SBFS species are in the Capnodiales. Evolutionary origins of SBFS fungi remain unclear, so we attempted to infer their origins by means of ancestral state reconstruction on a phylogenetic tree built utilizing genes for the nuc 28S rDNA (approx. 830 bp from near the 59 end) and the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB2). The analyzed taxa included the well-known genera of SBFS as well as non-SBFS fungi from seven families within the Capnodiales. The non-SBFS taxa were selected based on their distinct ecological niches, including plant-parasitic and saprophytic species. The phylogenetic analyses revealed that most SBFS species in the Capnodiales are closely related to plant-parasitic fungi. Ancestral state reconstruction provided strong evidence that plant-parasitic fungi were the ancestors of the major SBFS lineages. Knowledge gained from this study may help to better understand the ecology and evolution of epiphytic fungi.
煤污病和蝇粪病（SBFS）复合群的成员是子囊菌门中的附生真菌，它们在全球范围内对苹果造成经济损失。SBFS真菌是多系的，但约96%的SBFS物种属于小煤炱目。SBFS真菌的进化起源尚不清楚，因此我们试图通过在利用核28S rDNA（来自59端附近约830 bp）和RNA聚合酶II第二大亚基（RPB2）基因构建的系统发育树上进行祖先状态重建来推断它们的起源。分析的分类群包括著名的SBFS属以及小煤炱目中七个科的非SBFS真菌。非SBFS分类群是根据它们独特的生态位选择的，包括植物寄生和腐生物种。系统发育分析表明，小煤炱目中的大多数SBFS物种与植物寄生真菌密切相关。祖先状态重建提供了有力证据，表明植物寄生真菌是主要SBFS谱系的祖先。从这项研究中获得的知识可能有助于更好地理解附生真菌的生态学和进化。
