生态免疫：对自由放养的捕食性蜥蜴进行实地训练可降低它们对入侵性有毒猎物的易感性。
Ecological immunization: in situ training of free-ranging predatory lizards reduces their vulnerability to invasive toxic prey.
作者信息
Ward-Fear G, Pearson D J, Brown G P, Rangers Balanggarra, Shine R
机构信息
School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Heydon-Laurence Building A08, New South Wales 2006, Australia.
Western Australian Department of Parks and Wildlife, PO Box 51, Wanneroo, Western Australia 6946, Australia.
出版信息
Biol Lett. 2016 Jan;12(1):20150863. doi: 10.1098/rsbl.2015.0863.
In Australia, large native predators are fatally poisoned when they ingest invasive cane toads (Rhinella marina). As a result, the spread of cane toads has caused catastrophic population declines in these predators. Immediately prior to the arrival of toads at a floodplain in the Kimberley region, we induced conditioned taste aversion in free-ranging varanid lizards (Varanus panoptes), by offering them small cane toads. By the end of the 18-month study, only one of 31 untrained lizards had survived longer than 110 days, compared to more than half (nine of 16) of trained lizards; the maximum known survival of a trained lizard in the presence of toads was 482 days. In situ aversion training (releasing small toads in advance of the main invasion front) offers a logistically simple and feasible way to buffer the impact of invasive toads on apex predators.
在澳大利亚，大型本土食肉动物在摄入入侵性甘蔗蟾蜍（海蟾蜍，学名Rhinella marina）后会被致命毒死。因此，甘蔗蟾蜍的扩散导致这些食肉动物的数量灾难性下降。就在蟾蜍抵达金伯利地区的一片洪泛平原之前，我们通过给自由放养的巨蜥（珀氏巨蜥，学名Varanus panoptes）投喂小甘蔗蟾蜍，使其产生了条件性味觉厌恶。到18个月的研究结束时，31只未受过训练的蜥蜴中只有1只存活超过了110天，相比之下，受过训练的蜥蜴中有一半以上（16只中的9只）存活了下来；已知在有蟾蜍的情况下，受过训练的蜥蜴最长存活时间为482天。就地厌恶训练（在主要入侵前沿之前提前释放小蟾蜍）提供了一种在后勤上简单可行的方法，以缓冲入侵蟾蜍对顶级食肉动物的影响。
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