Khiyami Mohammad A, Almoammar Hassan, Awad Yasser M, Alghuthaymi Mousa A, Abd-Elsalam Kamel A
King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST) , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia.
Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University , Ismailia , Egypt.
Biotechnol Biotechnol Equip. 2014 Sep 3;28(5):775-785. doi: 10.1080/13102818.2014.960739. Epub 2014 Oct 22.
Plant diseases are among the major factors limiting crop productivity. A first step towards managing a plant disease under greenhouse and field conditions is to correctly identify the pathogen. Current technologies, such as quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR), require a relatively large amount of target tissue and rely on multiple assays to accurately identify distinct plant pathogens. The common disadvantage of the traditional diagnostic methods is that they are time consuming and lack high sensitivity. Consequently, developing low-cost methods to improve the accuracy and rapidity of plant pathogens diagnosis is needed. Nanotechnology, nano particles and quantum dots (QDs) have emerged as essential tools for fast detection of a particular biological marker with extreme accuracy. Biosensor, QDs, nanostructured platforms, nanoimaging and nanopore DNA sequencing tools have the potential to raise sensitivity, specificity and speed of the pathogen detection, facilitate high-throughput analysis, and to be used for high-quality monitoring and crop protection. Furthermore, nanodiagnostic kit equipment can easily and quickly detect potential serious plant pathogens, allowing experts to help farmers in the prevention of epidemic diseases. The current review deals with the application of nanotechnology for quicker, more cost-effective and precise diagnostic procedures of plant diseases. Such an accurate technology may help to design a proper integrated disease management system which may modify crop environments to adversely affect crop pathogens.
植物病害是限制作物生产力的主要因素之一。在温室和田间条件下管理植物病害的第一步是正确识别病原体。当前的技术，如定量聚合酶链反应（Q-PCR），需要相对大量的目标组织，并依赖多种检测方法来准确识别不同的植物病原体。传统诊断方法的共同缺点是耗时且缺乏高灵敏度。因此，需要开发低成本方法来提高植物病原体诊断的准确性和快速性。纳米技术、纳米颗粒和量子点（QDs）已成为以极高精度快速检测特定生物标志物的重要工具。生物传感器、量子点、纳米结构平台、纳米成像和纳米孔DNA测序工具具有提高病原体检测的灵敏度、特异性和速度的潜力，便于高通量分析，并可用于高质量监测和作物保护。此外，纳米诊断试剂盒设备可以轻松快速地检测潜在的严重植物病原体，使专家能够帮助农民预防流行病。本综述探讨了纳米技术在植物病害更快、更具成本效益和精确诊断程序中的应用。这样一种精确的技术可能有助于设计一个适当的综合病害管理系统，该系统可以改变作物环境，对作物病原体产生不利影响。
