Department of Biotechnology, Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University, Amravati, Maharashtra, India.
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2012 Apr;94(2):287-93. doi: 10.1007/s00253-012-3969-4. Epub 2012 Mar 3.
Nanotechnology is a promising field of interdisciplinary research. It opens up a wide array of opportunities in various fields like medicine, pharmaceuticals, electronics and agriculture. The potential uses and benefits of nanotechnology are enormous. These include insect pests management through the formulations of nanomaterials-based pesticides and insecticides, enhancement of agricultural productivity using bio-conjugated nanoparticles (encapsulation) for slow release of nutrients and water, nanoparticle-mediated gene or DNA transfer in plants for the development of insect pest-resistant varieties and use of nanomaterials for preparation of different kind of biosensors, which would be useful in remote sensing devices required for precision farming. Traditional strategies like integrated pest management used in agriculture are insufficient, and application of chemical pesticides like DDT have adverse effects on animals and human beings apart from the decline in soil fertility. Therefore, nanotechnology would provide green and efficient alternatives for the management of insect pests in agriculture without harming the nature. This review is focused on traditional strategies used for the management of insect pests, limitations of use of chemical pesticides and potential of nanomaterials in insect pest management as modern approaches of nanotechnology.
纳米技术是一个有前途的跨学科研究领域。它在医学、制药、电子和农业等各个领域开辟了广泛的机会。纳米技术的潜在用途和好处是巨大的。这些包括通过基于纳米材料的杀虫剂和农药制剂来管理害虫，利用生物共轭纳米颗粒（封装）缓慢释放养分和水来提高农业生产力，利用纳米颗粒介导的植物基因或 DNA 转移来开发抗虫品种，以及利用纳米材料制备不同种类的生物传感器，这些传感器将用于精准农业所需的遥感设备。农业中使用的传统综合虫害管理策略是不够的，而像滴滴涕这样的化学农药的应用除了降低土壤肥力外，对动物和人类也有不良影响。因此，纳米技术将为农业中害虫的管理提供绿色高效的替代方案，而不会损害自然。本文综述了传统的害虫管理策略、化学农药使用的局限性以及纳米材料在害虫管理中的潜力，作为纳米技术的现代方法。
