Aristizabal José A, Ramos-Álvarez Manuel M, Callejas-Aguilera José E, Rosas Juan M
Department of Psychology, Universidad de Jaen, Spain.
Department of Psychology, Universidad de Jaen, Spain.
Behav Processes. 2016 Mar;124:66-73. doi: 10.1016/j.beproc.2015.12.008. Epub 2015 Dec 30.
Participants were trained in a human predictive learning task in which they had to predict whether the ingestion of a given food (cue) by the imaginary customer of an imaginary restaurant (context) was followed by gastric malaise (outcome). One food was always followed by gastric malaise in one of the contexts, while other foods were not followed by gastric malaise in the same, or in an alternative context. Predictive responses and eye-fixations were recorded throughout the 48 training trials with each cue involved in the task. In agreement with the predictions of the Attentional Theory of Context Processing, attention to the contexts measured through eye-fixations decreased while attention to the cues increased as training progressed. The results of this study give support to the idea that contexts are actively processed at the beginning of acquisition, and that this processing decreases as training increases.
参与者接受了一项人类预测学习任务的训练，在该任务中，他们必须预测一家虚构餐厅（情境）的虚构顾客摄入某种特定食物（线索）后是否会出现胃部不适（结果）。在其中一种情境中，有一种食物总是会导致胃部不适，而其他食物在相同情境或另一种情境中则不会导致胃部不适。在整个48次训练试验中，记录了对每个参与任务的线索的预测反应和眼动注视情况。与情境加工的注意理论的预测一致，随着训练的进行，通过眼动注视测量的对情境的注意力下降，而对线索的注意力增加。这项研究的结果支持了这样一种观点，即情境在习得开始时会被积极加工，并且随着训练的增加，这种加工会减少。
