Foerster Rebecca M, Schneider Werner X
Department of Psychology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany,
Cogn Process. 2015 Sep;16 Suppl 1:227-31. doi: 10.1007/s10339-015-0701-1.
During object-based sensorimotor tasks, humans look at target locations for subsequent hand actions. These anticipatory eye movements or guiding fixations seem to be necessary for a successful performance. By practicing such a sensorimotor task, humans become faster and perform fewer guiding fixations (Foerster and Schneider, In Prep; Foerster et al. in J Vis 11(7):9:1-16, 2011). We aimed at clarifying whether this decrease in guiding fixations is the cause or effect of faster task completion time. Participants may learn to use less visual input (fewer fixations) allowing shorter completion times. Alternatively, participants may speed up their hand movements (e.g., more efficient motor control) leaving less time for visual intake. The latter would imply that the number of fixations is directly connected to task speed. We investigated the relationship between the number of fixations and task speed in a computerized version of the number connection task (Foerster and Schneider in Ann N Y Acad Sci 2015. doi: 10.1111/nyas.12729 ). Eye movements were recorded while participants clicked in ascending order on nine numbered circles. In 90 learning trials, they clicked the sequence with a constant spatial configuration as fast as possible. In the subsequent experimental phase, they should perform 30 trials again under high-speed instruction and 30 trials under slow-speed instruction. During slow-speed instruction, fixation rates were lower with longer fixation durations and more fixations were performed than during high-speed instruction. The results suggest that the number of fixations depends on both the need for visual intake and task completion time. It seems that the decrease in anticipatory eye movements through sensorimotor learning is at the same time a result and a cause of faster task performance.
在基于物体的感觉运动任务中，人类会看向目标位置以便后续进行手部动作。这些预期性眼动或引导性注视对于成功完成任务似乎是必要的。通过练习这样的感觉运动任务，人类会变得更快，并且进行的引导性注视更少（福斯特和施耐德，正在准备中；福斯特等人，《视觉杂志》11(7):9:1 - 16，2011年）。我们旨在阐明引导性注视的减少是任务完成时间加快的原因还是结果。参与者可能学会使用更少的视觉输入（更少的注视），从而使完成时间更短。或者，参与者可能加快手部动作速度（例如，更高效的运动控制），从而减少视觉摄取的时间。后者意味着注视次数与任务速度直接相关。我们在数字连接任务的计算机化版本中研究了注视次数与任务速度之间的关系（福斯特和施耐德，《纽约科学院学报》2015年。doi: 10.1111/nyas.12729）。当参与者按升序点击九个编号圆圈时，记录他们的眼动。在90次学习试验中，他们以恒定的空间配置尽快点击序列。在随后的实验阶段，他们应在高速指令下再进行30次试验，并在低速指令下进行30次试验。在低速指令期间，注视频率较低，注视持续时间更长，并且与高速指令期间相比，进行的注视更多。结果表明，注视次数既取决于视觉摄取的需求，也取决于任务完成时间。似乎通过感觉运动学习导致的预期性眼动减少同时是任务执行加快的结果和原因。
