Besser John M, Dorman Rebecca A, Hardesty Douglas L, Ingersoll Christopher G
United States Geological Survey, 4200 E, New Haven Road, Columbia, MO, USA.
Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 2016 Feb;70(2):321-31. doi: 10.1007/s00244-015-0255-3. Epub 2016 Jan 8.
We performed toxicity tests with two species of pulmonate snails (Lymnaea stagnalis and Physa gyrina) and four taxa of nonpulmonate snails in the family Hydrobiidae (Pyrgulopsis robusta, Taylorconcha serpenticola, Fluminicola sp., and Fontigens aldrichi). Snails were maintained in static-renewal or recirculating culture systems with adults removed periodically to isolate cohorts of offspring for toxicity testing. This method successfully produced offspring for both species of pulmonate snails and for two hydrobiid species, P. robusta and Fluminicola sp. Toxicity tests were performed for 28 days with copper, ammonia, and pentachlorophenol in hard reconstituted water with endpoints of survival and growth. Tests were started with 1-week-old L. stagnalis, 2-week-old P. gyrina, 5- to 13-week-old P. robusta and Fluminicola sp., and older juveniles and adults of several hydrobiid species. For all three chemicals, chronic toxicity values for pulmonate snails were consistently greater than those for hydrobiid snails, and hydrobiids were among the most sensitive taxa in species sensitivity distributions for all three chemicals. These results suggest that the toxicant sensitivity of nonpulmonate snails in the family Hydrobiidae would not be adequately represented by results of toxicity testing with pulmonate snails.
我们对两种肺螺亚纲蜗牛（静水椎实螺和旋螺）以及四种淡水螺科的非肺螺亚纲蜗牛（粗壮矮拟钉螺、蛇形泰勒螺、弗卢米尼螺属物种和阿尔德里奇泉螺）进行了毒性测试。蜗牛饲养于静态更新或循环养殖系统中，定期移除成体以分离后代群体用于毒性测试。该方法成功培育出了两种肺螺亚纲蜗牛以及两种淡水螺科物种（粗壮矮拟钉螺和弗卢米尼螺属物种）的后代。在硬度重新调配的水中，以铜、氨和五氯苯酚进行了为期28天的毒性测试，测试终点为生存和生长情况。测试起始时使用1周龄的静水椎实螺、2周龄的旋螺、5至13周龄的粗壮矮拟钉螺和弗卢米尼螺属物种，以及几种淡水螺科物种的大龄幼体和成体。对于所有三种化学物质，肺螺亚纲蜗牛的慢性毒性值始终高于淡水螺科蜗牛，并且在所有三种化学物质的物种敏感性分布中，淡水螺科蜗牛是最敏感的类群之一。这些结果表明，淡水螺科非肺螺亚纲蜗牛的毒物敏感性无法通过肺螺亚纲蜗牛的毒性测试结果得到充分体现。
