Hughson Richard L, Robertson Andrew D, Arbeille Philippe, Shoemaker J Kevin, Rush James W E, Fraser Katelyn S, Greaves Danielle K
Schlegel-University of Waterloo Research Institute for Aging, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada;
Unite Medecine Physiologie Spatiale, CERCOM, EFMP, CHU Trousseau, Tours, France;
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2016 Mar 1;310(5):H628-38. doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.00802.2015. Epub 2016 Jan 8.
Removal of the normal head-to-foot gravity vector and chronic weightlessness during spaceflight might induce cardiovascular and metabolic adaptations related to changes in arterial pressure and reduction in physical activity. We tested hypotheses that stiffness of arteries located above the heart would be increased postflight, and that blood biomarkers inflight would be consistent with changes in vascular function. Possible sex differences in responses were explored in four male and four female astronauts who lived on the International Space Station for 6 mo. Carotid artery distensibility coefficient (P = 0.005) and β-stiffness index (P = 0.006) reflected 17-30% increases in arterial stiffness when measured within 38 h of return to Earth compared with preflight. Spaceflight-by-sex interaction effects were found with greater changes in β-stiffness index in women (P = 0.017), but greater changes in pulse wave transit time in men (P = 0.006). Several blood biomarkers were changed from preflight to inflight, including an increase in an index of insulin resistance (P < 0.001) with a spaceflight-by-sex term suggesting greater change in men (P = 0.034). Spaceflight-by-sex interactions for renin (P = 0.016) and aldosterone (P = 0.010) indicated greater increases in women than men. Six-month spaceflight caused increased arterial stiffness. Altered hydrostatic arterial pressure gradients as well as changes in insulin resistance and other biomarkers might have contributed to alterations in arterial properties, including sex differences between male and female astronauts.
在太空飞行期间，消除正常的头脚重力矢量和长期失重可能会引发与动脉血压变化和体力活动减少相关的心血管和代谢适应性变化。我们检验了以下假设：飞行后心脏上方动脉的僵硬度会增加，飞行期间血液生物标志物将与血管功能变化一致。在四名男性和四名女性宇航员中探索了可能的性别反应差异，他们在国际空间站生活了6个月。与飞行前相比，返回地球后38小时内测量的颈动脉扩张系数（P = 0.005）和β僵硬度指数（P = 0.006）反映出动脉僵硬度增加了17 - 30%。发现了飞行与性别的交互作用，女性的β僵硬度指数变化更大（P = 0.017），而男性的脉搏波传播时间变化更大（P = 0.006）。从飞行前到飞行期间，几种血液生物标志物发生了变化，包括胰岛素抵抗指数增加（P < 0.001），飞行与性别的交互项表明男性变化更大（P = 0.034）。肾素（P = 0.016）和醛固酮（P = 0.010）的飞行与性别的交互作用表明女性的增加幅度大于男性。六个月的太空飞行导致动脉僵硬度增加。静水动脉压梯度的改变以及胰岛素抵抗和其他生物标志物的变化可能导致了动脉特性的改变，包括男性和女性宇航员之间的性别差异。
