Branco P T B S, Nunes R A O, Alvim-Ferraz M C M, Martins F G, Ferraz C, Vaz L G, Sousa S I V
LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
Departamento de Pediatria (UAG-MC), Centro Hospitalar de São João, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal.
Rev Port Pneumol (2006). 2016 May-Jun;22(3):146-50. doi: 10.1016/j.rppnen.2015.11.001. Epub 2015 Dec 30.
Asthma is the commonest and most important chronic non-infectious disease in childhood and it has become more prevalent in recent years. There is a shortage of studies in relation to early childhood and so, as part of the INAIRCHILD project, this cross-sectional study aimed to assess the prevalence of asthma and its associated risk factors, namely demographic, environmental, psychosocial and clinical factors for infants and preschoolers living in Northern Portugal. Data concerning asthma prevalence were collected through questionnaires based on those from the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC-derived), the questionnaires were distributed to 1042 children attending the 17 nurseries involved in the INAIRCHILD project (10 in urban and suburban context, and 7 in rural context). The response rate was 48%. Prevalence of asthma based on symptomatology and odds ratio was calculated. Around 52% of the studied children presented at least one of the respiratory symptoms investigated (wheeze, dyspnea and cough) in the absence of upper respiratory infections. The prevalence of asthma was 10.7%, comparable to the figures for Portuguese schoolchildren (6-7 years old) reported by the national Directorate-General of Health, thus showing that an early diagnosis might be possible and helpful for the mitigation of childhood asthma. Environmental context (urban, suburban or rural), gender and family asthma history showed clear associations with asthma prevalence, namely non-rural location, male gender, and having an asthmatic parent were found to be risk factors.
哮喘是儿童期最常见且最重要的慢性非感染性疾病，近年来其患病率有所上升。目前关于幼儿期哮喘的研究较少，因此，作为“INAIRCHILD项目”的一部分，这项横断面研究旨在评估居住在葡萄牙北部的婴儿和学龄前儿童哮喘的患病率及其相关危险因素，即人口统计学、环境、社会心理和临床因素。基于儿童哮喘和过敏国际研究（ISAAC衍生问卷）的问卷收集了有关哮喘患病率的数据，这些问卷被分发给参与“INAIRCHILD项目”的17所托儿所的1042名儿童（10所位于城市和郊区，7所位于农村）。回复率为48%。计算了基于症状学的哮喘患病率和比值比。在没有上呼吸道感染的情况下，约52%的研究儿童出现了至少一种所调查的呼吸道症状（喘息、呼吸困难和咳嗽）。哮喘患病率为10.7%，与国家卫生总局报告的葡萄牙学龄儿童（6 - 7岁）的患病率相当，这表明早期诊断对于缓解儿童哮喘可能是可行且有帮助的。环境背景（城市、郊区或农村）、性别和家族哮喘病史与哮喘患病率有明显关联，即非农村地区、男性以及父母患有哮喘被发现是危险因素。
