Suyotha Wasana, Yano Shigekazu, Wakayama Mamoru
Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, 90112, Thailand.
Department of Biochemical Engineering, Graduate School of Sciences and Engineering, Yamagata University, Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan.
World J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2016 Feb;32(2):30. doi: 10.1007/s11274-015-1977-0. Epub 2016 Jan 9.
α-1,3-Glucanases hydrolyze α-1,3-glucan which is an insoluble linear α-1,3-linked homopolymer of glucose and these enzymes are classified into two families of glycoside hydrolases on the basis of amino acid sequence similarity; type-71 α-1,3-glucanases found in fungi and type-87 enzymes in bacteria. α-1,3-Glucan (also called 'mutan') is a major component of dental plaque formed by oral Streptococci and has important physiological roles in various fungal species, including as a component of cell walls, an endogenous carbon source for sexual development, and a virulent factor. Considering these backgrounds, α-1,3-glucanases have been investigated from the perspectives of applications to dental care and development of cell-wall lytic enzymes. Compared with information regarding other glycoside hydrolases such as amylases, cellulases, chitinases, and β-glucanases, there is limited biochemical and structural information available regarding α-1,3-glucanase. Further research on α-1,3-glucanases on enzyme application to dental care and biological control of pathogenic fungi is expected. In this mini-review, we briefly describe how α-1,3-glucanases are categorized and characterized and present our study findings regarding α-1,3-glucanase from Bacillus circulans KA-304. Furthermore, we briefly discuss potential future applications of α-1,3-glucanases.
α-1,3-葡聚糖酶可水解α-1,3-葡聚糖，α-1,3-葡聚糖是一种不溶性的由葡萄糖通过α-1,3-键连接而成的线性同聚物。根据氨基酸序列相似性，这些酶可分为两个糖苷水解酶家族：在真菌中发现的71型α-1,3-葡聚糖酶和在细菌中发现的87型酶。α-1,3-葡聚糖（也称为“变聚糖”）是口腔链球菌形成的牙菌斑的主要成分，在多种真菌物种中具有重要的生理作用，包括作为细胞壁的组成成分、有性发育的内源性碳源以及一种致病因子。考虑到这些背景，人们已从牙病防治应用和细胞壁裂解酶开发的角度对α-1,3-葡聚糖酶进行了研究。与淀粉酶、纤维素酶、几丁质酶和β-葡聚糖酶等其他糖苷水解酶的相关信息相比，关于α-1,3-葡聚糖酶的生化和结构信息有限。预计未来将进一步研究α-1,3-葡聚糖酶在牙病防治和致病真菌生物防治方面的酶应用。在本综述中，我们简要描述了α-1,3-葡聚糖酶是如何分类和表征的，并展示了我们关于环状芽孢杆菌KA-304的α-1,3-葡聚糖酶的研究结果。此外，我们还简要讨论了α-1,3-葡聚糖酶未来可能的应用。
