Martin Eric, Nolte Isabelle, Vitolo Emma
Associate Professor, School of Management, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania, United States.
Lecturer in Accounting, Queen's Management School, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland.
Disasters. 2016 Oct;40(4):621-43. doi: 10.1111/disa.12173. Epub 2016 Jan 8.
Public, nonprofit and private organisations respond to large-scale disasters domestically and overseas. Critics of these assistance efforts, as well as those involved, often cite poor interorganisational partnering as an obstacle to successful disaster response. Observers frequently call for 'more' and 'better' partnering. We found important qualitative distinctions existed within partnering behaviours. We identified four different types of interorganisational partnering activities often referred to interchangeably: communication, cooperation, coordination and collaboration-the Four Cs. We derived definitions of the Four Cs from the partnering literature. We then tested them in a case study of the response to the 2010 Haiti earthquake. We suggest that the Four Cs are distinct activities, that organisations are typically strong or weak in one or more for various reasons, and that the four terms represent a continuum of increased interorganisational embeddedness in partnering activities.
公共、非营利和私人组织在国内外应对大规模灾难。这些援助行动的批评者以及参与其中的人，经常将糟糕的组织间合作视为成功应对灾难的障碍。观察家们经常呼吁进行“更多”和“更好”的合作。我们发现合作行为存在重要的质性差异。我们确定了四种不同类型的组织间合作活动，它们经常被互换使用：沟通、合作、协调和协作——即“四个C”。我们从合作文献中得出了“四个C”的定义。然后，我们在对2010年海地地震应对的案例研究中对其进行了测试。我们认为“四个C”是不同的活动，由于各种原因，组织在其中一项或多项活动中通常有强有弱，并且这四个术语代表了合作活动中组织间嵌入性不断增强的一个连续体。
