Sriwichai Patchara, Samung Yudthana, Sumruayphol Suchada, Kiattibutr Kirakorn, Kumpitak Chalermpon, Payakkapol Anon, Kaewkungwal Jaranit, Yan Guiyun, Cui Liwang, Sattabongkot Jetsumon
Department of Medical Entomology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
Mahidol Vivax Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand, 10400.
Parasit Vectors. 2016 Jan 13;9:17. doi: 10.1186/s13071-016-1295-x.
The Thai-Myanmar border is a remaining hotspot for malaria transmission. Malaria transmission in this region continues year-round, with a major peak season in July-August, and a minor peak in October-November. Malaria elimination requires better knowledge of the mosquito community structure, dynamics and vectorial status to support effective vector control.
Adult Anopheles mosquitoes were collected using CDC light traps and cow bait in 7 villages along the Thai-Myanmar border in January 2011 - March 2013. Mosquitoes were determined to species by morphological characters. Plasmodium-positivity was determined by circumsporozoite protein ELISA.
The 2986 Anopheles mosquitoes collected were assigned to 26 species, with Anopheles minimus sensu lato (s.l.) (40.32%), An. maculatus s.l. (21.43%), An. annularis s.l. (14.43%), An. kochi (5.39%), An. tessellatus (5.26%), and An. barbirostris s.l. (3.52%) being the top six most abundant species. Plasmodium-infected mosquitoes were found in 22 positive samples from 2906 pooled samples of abdomens and heads/thoraxes. Four mosquito species were found infected with Plasmodium: An. minimus s.l., An. maculatus s.l., An. annularis s.l. and An. barbirostris s.l. The infectivity rates of these mosquitoes were 0.76, 0.37, 0.72, and 1.74%, respectively. Consistent with a change in malaria epidemiology to the predominance of P. vivax in this area, 20 of the 22 infected mosquito samples were P. vivax-positive. The four potential vector species all displayed apparent seasonality in relative abundance. While An. minimus s.l. was collected through the entire year, its abundance peaked in the season immediately after the wet season. In comparison, An. maculatus s.l. numbers showed a major peak during the wet season. The two potential vector species, An. annularis s.l. and An. barbirostris s.l., both showed peak abundance during the transition from wet to dry season. Moreover, An. minimus s.l. was more abundant in indoor collections, whereas An. annularis s.l. and An. barbirostris s.l. were more abundant in outdoor collections, suggesting their potential role in outdoor malaria transmission.
This survey confirmed the major vector status of An. minimus s.l. and An. maculatus s.l. and identified An. annularis s.l. and An. barbirostris s.l. as additional vectors with potential importance in malaria transmission after the wet season.
泰缅边境是疟疾传播的一个残留热点地区。该地区的疟疾传播全年持续，7 - 8月为主要高峰期，10 - 11月为次要高峰期。疟疾消除需要更好地了解蚊虫群落结构、动态和媒介地位，以支持有效的媒介控制。
2011年1月至2013年3月，在泰缅边境沿线的7个村庄使用疾控中心诱蚊灯和牛诱饵收集成年按蚊。通过形态特征确定蚊虫种类。采用环子孢子蛋白酶联免疫吸附测定法确定疟原虫阳性率。
收集到的2986只按蚊被分为26种，其中微小按蚊复合组（40.32%）、多斑按蚊复合组（21.43%）、环纹按蚊复合组（14.43%）、高砂按蚊（5.39%）、小宽按蚊（5.26%）和须喙按蚊复合组（3.52%）是数量最多的六种按蚊。在2906份腹部和头部/胸部合并样本的22个阳性样本中发现了感染疟原虫的蚊虫。发现四种蚊虫感染了疟原虫：微小按蚊复合组、多斑按蚊复合组、环纹按蚊复合组和须喙按蚊复合组。这些蚊虫的感染率分别为0.76%、0.37%、0.72%和1.74%。与该地区疟疾流行病学转变为间日疟原虫占主导地位一致，22个感染蚊虫样本中有20个间日疟原虫呈阳性。四种潜在媒介种类的相对丰度均呈现明显的季节性。微小按蚊复合组全年均可采集到，但其数量在雨季刚结束后的季节达到峰值。相比之下，多斑按蚊复合组的数量在雨季出现主要峰值。两种潜在媒介种类，即环纹按蚊复合组和须喙按蚊复合组，在从雨季到旱季的过渡期间数量均达到峰值。此外，微小按蚊复合组在室内采集的样本中更为常见，而环纹按蚊复合组和须喙按蚊复合组在室外采集的样本中更为常见，这表明它们在室外疟疾传播中可能发挥的作用。
本次调查证实了微小按蚊复合组和多斑按蚊复合组的主要媒介地位，并确定环纹按蚊复合组和须喙按蚊复合组是雨季过后在疟疾传播中具有潜在重要性的其他媒介。
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