Seymour Leonard W, Fisher Kerry D
Department Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK.
Br J Cancer. 2016 Feb 16;114(4):357-61. doi: 10.1038/bjc.2015.481. Epub 2016 Jan 14.
Oncolytic viruses can be found at the confluence of virology, genetic engineering and pharmacology where versatile platforms for molecularly targeted anticancer agents can be designed and optimised. Oncolytic viruses offer several important advantages over traditional approaches, including the following. (1) Amplification of the active agent (infectious virus particles) within the tumour. This avoids unnecessary exposure to normal tissues experienced during delivery of traditional stoichiometric chemotherapy and maximises the therapeutic index. (2) The active cell-killing mechanisms, often independent of programmed death mechanisms, should decrease the emergence of acquired drug resistance. (3) Lytic death of cancer cells provides a pro-inflammatory microenvironment and the potential for induction of an anticancer vaccine response. (4) Tumour-selective expression and secretion of encoded anticancer biologics, providing a new realm of potent and cost-effective-targeted therapeutics.
溶瘤病毒处于病毒学、基因工程和药理学的交叉领域，在此可设计并优化分子靶向抗癌药物的通用平台。与传统方法相比，溶瘤病毒具有几个重要优势，包括以下几点。（1）活性药物（感染性病毒颗粒）在肿瘤内扩增。这避免了传统化学计量化疗给药过程中对正常组织的不必要暴露，并使治疗指数最大化。（2）活性细胞杀伤机制通常独立于程序性死亡机制，应能减少获得性耐药的出现。（3）癌细胞的裂解死亡提供了促炎微环境，并具有诱导抗癌疫苗反应的潜力。（4）肿瘤选择性表达和分泌编码的抗癌生物制剂，为强效且具成本效益的靶向治疗开辟了新领域。
