Zhang Zheng-qiu, Ma Yu-cai, Sun Le-ping, Gao Yang, Lu Bin, Wang Fu-biao, Zhang Jin, Chen Qian, Hong Qing-biao, Wang Wei, Yang Kun, Liang You-sheng, Dai Jian-rong
Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za Zhi. 2015 Aug;27(4):343-7, 352.
To evaluate the field molluscicidal effect of 5% niclosamide ethanolamine granules, so as to provide a novel Oncomelania hupensis snail control approach for emergency treatment of high-risk settings.
Snail control tests with spraying of 5% niclosamide ethanolamine granules were conducted in two settings of 2 counties, and the dose-, time- and setting-specific field molluscicidal effects were tested.
In the small-scale setting, spraying of 5% niclosamide ethanolamine granules at doses of 30, 40 and 50 g/m2 resulted in 54.55%, 68.41% and 73.45% 1-day snail mortality, 57.27%, 68.59% and 80.28% 3-day snail mortality, and 63.49%, 77.58% and 85.55% 7-day snail mortality, respectively, and no significant differences were detected in 1- and 3-day snail mortality caused by spraying of 5% niclosamide ethanolamine granules at doses of 30 and 40 g/m2 (all P > 0.05), while significant difference was found in the 7-day snail mortality (χ2 = 4.549, P < 0.05). In addition, spraying of 5% niclosamide ethanolamine granules at doses of 40 and 50 g/m2 resulted in comparable 1-, 3- and 7-day snail mortality (all P > 0.05). In the large-scale setting, spraying of 5% niclosamide ethanolamine granules at a dose of 40 g/m2 resulted in 85.29% and 87.70% 3-day snail mortality, 83.89% and 91.02% 7-day snail mortality, and 83.41% and 91.84% 15-day snail mortality in the environment-cleaning group and non-cleaning group, respectively. The overall snail mortality was 90.02% in the environment-cleaning group 3 to 15 days after spraying, which was significantly higher than that (84.28%) in the non-cleaning group (χ2 = 9.950, P < 0.05). After 15 days of spraying with 5% niclosamide ethanolamine granules at a dose of 40 g/m2, the densities of living snails reduced from 19.90 and 19.83 snails/0.1 m2 to 0.60 and 2.60 snails/0.1 m2 in the environment-cleaning group and non-cleaning group, with 96.98% and 86.89% reductions, respectively.
The appropriate dose of 5% niclosamide ethanolamine granules is 40 g/m2 for snail control in the field, and environment cleaning of vegetation with a height of more than 50 cm may improve the molluscicidal efficacy.
评价5%氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐颗粒剂的现场灭螺效果，为高风险环境应急灭螺提供新方法。
在2个县的2种环境中开展5%氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐颗粒剂喷洒灭螺试验，测试剂量、时间及环境特异性现场灭螺效果。
在小规模环境中，按30、40和50 g/m²剂量喷洒5%氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐颗粒剂，1天的杀螺死亡率分别为54.55%、68.41%和73.45%，3天的杀螺死亡率分别为57.27%、68.59%和80.28%，7天的杀螺死亡率分别为63.49%、77.58%和85.55%。按30和40 g/m²剂量喷洒5%氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐颗粒剂，1天和3天的杀螺死亡率差异无统计学意义（均P>0.05），7天的杀螺死亡率差异有统计学意义（χ² = 4.549，P<0.05）。此外，按40和50 g/m²剂量喷洒5%氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐颗粒剂，1天、3天和7天的杀螺死亡率差异无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。在大规模环境中，按40 g/m²剂量喷洒5%氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐颗粒剂，环境清理组和未清理组3天的杀螺死亡率分别为85.29%和87.70%，7天的杀螺死亡率分别为83.89%和91.02%，15天的杀螺死亡率分别为83.41%和91.84%。喷洒后3至15天，环境清理组的总体杀螺死亡率为90.02%，显著高于未清理组（84.28%）（χ² = 9.950，P<0.05）。按40 g/m²剂量喷洒5%氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐颗粒剂15天后，环境清理组和未清理组活螺密度分别从19.90和19.83只/0.1 m²降至0.60和2.60只/0.1 m²，分别降低了96.98%和86.89%。
现场灭螺时，5%氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐颗粒剂的适宜剂量为40 g/m²，清理高度超过50 cm的植被可提高灭螺效果。
