Taylor Allyn, Alfvén Tobias, Hougendobler Daniel, Buse Kent
Visiting Professor of Law at Georgetown University Law Center and an Adjunct Professor of International Relations at the Johns Hopkins University Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies.
Works as Strategic Information Adviser in the Department for Strategic Information & Evaluation at UNAIDS, the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, headquarter in Geneva, Switzerland.
J Law Med Ethics. 2014 Spring;42(1):72-87. doi: 10.1111/jlme.12120.
Recent debate over World Health Organization reform has included unprecedented attention to international lawmaking as a future priority function of the Organization. However, the debate is largely focused on the codification of new binding legal instruments. Drawing upon lessons from the success of the Global AIDS Reporting Mechanism, established pursuant to the United Nations' Declaration of Commitment on HIV/AIDS, we argue that effective global health governance requires consideration of a broad range of instruments, both binding and nonbinding. A detailed examination of the Global AIDS Reporting Mechanism reveals that the choice of the nonbinding format makes an important contribution to its effectiveness. For instance, the flexibility and adaptability of the nonbinding format have allowed the global community to: (1) undertake commitments in a timely manner; (2) adapt and experiment in the face of a dynamic pandemic; and (3) grant civil society an unparalleled role in monitoring and reporting on state implementation of global commitments. UNAIDS' institutional support has also played a vital role in ensuring the continuing effectiveness of the Global AIDS Reporting Mechanism. Overall, the experience of the Global AIDS Reporting Mechanism evidences that, at times, nimbler nonbinding instruments can offer benefits over slower, more rigid binding legal approaches to governance, but depend critically, like all instruments, on the perceived legitimacy thereof.
最近关于世界卫生组织改革的辩论前所未有地关注到了国际立法，将其作为该组织未来的一项优先职能。然而，这场辩论主要集中在新的具有约束力的法律文书的编纂上。借鉴根据联合国《关于艾滋病毒/艾滋病问题的承诺宣言》设立的全球艾滋病报告机制的成功经验，我们认为有效的全球卫生治理需要考虑广泛的文书，包括具有约束力的和不具有约束力的。对全球艾滋病报告机制的详细审查表明，选择不具约束力的形式对其有效性做出了重要贡献。例如，不具约束力形式的灵活性和适应性使国际社会能够：(1) 及时做出承诺；(2) 面对动态的疫情进行调整和试验；(3) 赋予民间社会在监测和报告各国履行全球承诺情况方面无与伦比的作用。联合国艾滋病规划署的机构支持在确保全球艾滋病报告机制持续有效方面也发挥了至关重要的作用。总体而言，全球艾滋病报告机制的经验表明，有时更灵活的不具约束力的文书可能比更缓慢、更僵化的具有约束力的法律治理方法更具优势，但与所有文书一样，关键取决于其被感知的合法性。
