Han Jiyang, Xia Jing, He Qiang, Shao Yun, Zhan Yuhua, Liu Guo, Wang Xumei
Department of Clinical Psychology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning, China.
Singapore Med J. 2016 May;57(5):254-61. doi: 10.11622/smedj.2015144. Epub 2015 Oct 16.
An accurate assessment of peer victimisation (i.e. bullying) is a necessary precondition for research and intervention. Most assessment instruments use the 'list of acts' measurement strategy, which does not account for the actual physical and psychological damage inflicted by bullying. To resolve this limitation, this study developed a peer victimisation scale (PVS) that includes harmful consequences for judgement and measurement of peer victimisation.
The PVS is a 40-item self-report questionnaire designed to assess the four aspects of peer victimisation: physical, verbal, relational, and interference and control. A total of 1,469 Grade 3-8 students (49.9% male) were recruited to test the psychometric properties of the PVS. Another 420 Grade 3-8 students were examined by a modified PVS supplemented with a semi-structured interview for scale validation and establishment of the cut-off points for severe bullying. Incidence, age and gender distribution of peer victimisation were also analysed.
The PVS demonstrated good internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's alpha 0.73-0.83) and test-retest reliability two weeks later (correlation coefficient [r] = 0.71-0.80). The scores for each dimension were significantly and positively correlated with the scores from the questionnaire-interview sample (r = 0.73-0.78), and modestly correlated with the scores for symptoms of anxiety and depression (r = 0.36-0.54).
The results were consistent with the measurement constructs, demonstrating that the PVS is a reliable and effective instrument for assessing peer victimisation in children. It may enable more reliable longitudinal studies assessing the impact of peer victimisation to be conducted.
准确评估同伴间受欺负（即霸凌）情况是开展研究和干预的必要前提。大多数评估工具采用“行为清单”测量策略，该策略未考虑霸凌行为实际造成的身心伤害。为解决这一局限性，本研究开发了一种同伴间受欺负量表（PVS），该量表包含用于判断和衡量同伴间受欺负情况的有害后果。
PVS是一份包含40个条目的自陈式问卷，旨在评估同伴间受欺负的四个方面：身体方面、言语方面、关系方面以及干扰和控制方面。共招募了1469名三至八年级学生（男生占49.9%）来测试PVS的心理测量特性。另外420名三至八年级学生接受了经过修改的PVS测试，并辅以半结构化访谈以进行量表验证和确定严重霸凌的临界点。还分析了同伴间受欺负情况的发生率、年龄和性别分布。
PVS显示出良好的内部一致性信度（克朗巴哈系数α为0.73 - 0.83）以及两周后的重测信度（相关系数[r]=0.71 - 0.80）。各维度得分与问卷调查 - 访谈样本得分显著正相关（r = 0.73 - 0.78），与焦虑和抑郁症状得分呈中等程度相关（r = 0.36 - 0.54）。
结果与测量构想一致，表明PVS是评估儿童同伴间受欺负情况的可靠且有效工具。它可能使开展更可靠的纵向研究来评估同伴间受欺负的影响成为可能。
