Simpson A Hamish, Murray Iain R
Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Injury. 2016 Jan;47 Suppl 1:S15-20. doi: 10.1016/S0020-1383(16)30004-3.
Osteoporosis is a global public health problem currently affecting more than 200 million people worldwide. Major research efforts are being made to improve the outcomes for patients with osteoporosis. However, the treatment of fractures associated with osteoporosis remains unsatisfactory. Animal models continue to be an important tool for establishing strategies to treat osteoporotic fractures, and various methods of inducing osteoporosis have been used. Investigators must select a model that best reflects the clinical problem being studied, and the underlying pathophysiology of the osteoporosis in the target patient group. In particular a model for Type I post-menopausal osteoporosis should mimic a fall in oestrogen and rise in osteoclast activity observed with this condition, whereas a model for type II 'senile' osteoporosis should mimic the fall in osteoblast activity. Unfortunately, there is no single all-encompassing model that precisely imitates the underlying osteoporosis or the fracture patterns seen in humans. As such the choice of species and model must be individualised to the scientific question being addressed. This article summarises general considerations when choosing an osteoporotic fracture model and outlines existing models of osteoporosis. The most appropriate model in a range of osteoporotic fracture research scenarios are subsequently considered.
骨质疏松症是一个全球性的公共卫生问题，目前全球有超过2亿人受其影响。人们正在进行大量研究工作以改善骨质疏松症患者的治疗效果。然而，与骨质疏松症相关的骨折治疗仍不尽人意。动物模型仍然是制定治疗骨质疏松性骨折策略的重要工具，并且已经使用了多种诱导骨质疏松症的方法。研究人员必须选择一个最能反映所研究临床问题以及目标患者群体中骨质疏松症潜在病理生理学的模型。特别是，I型绝经后骨质疏松症模型应模拟这种情况下观察到的雌激素下降和破骨细胞活性增加，而II型“老年性”骨质疏松症模型应模拟成骨细胞活性下降。不幸的是，没有一个单一的、涵盖所有情况的模型能够精确模仿人类潜在的骨质疏松症或骨折模式。因此，物种和模型的选择必须根据所解决的科学问题进行个体化。本文总结了选择骨质疏松性骨折模型时的一般考虑因素，并概述了现有的骨质疏松症模型。随后考虑了一系列骨质疏松性骨折研究场景中最合适的模型。
