Gao Chengde, Peng Shuping, Feng Pei, Shuai Cijun
State Key Laboratory of High Performance Complex Manufacturing, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China.
The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
Bone Res. 2017 Dec 21;5:17059. doi: 10.1038/boneres.2017.59. eCollection 2017.
Bone biomaterials play a vital role in bone repair by providing the necessary substrate for cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation and by modulating cell activity and function. In past decades, extensive efforts have been devoted to developing bone biomaterials with a focus on the following issues: (1) developing ideal biomaterials with a combination of suitable biological and mechanical properties; (2) constructing a cell microenvironment with pores ranging in size from nanoscale to submicro- and microscale; and (3) inducing the oriented differentiation of stem cells for artificial-to-biological transformation. Here we present a comprehensive review of the state of the art of bone biomaterials and their interactions with stem cells. Typical bone biomaterials that have been developed, including bioactive ceramics, biodegradable polymers, and biodegradable metals, are reviewed, with an emphasis on their characteristics and applications. The necessary porous structure of bone biomaterials for the cell microenvironment is discussed, along with the corresponding fabrication methods. Additionally, the promising seed stem cells for bone repair are summarized, and their interaction mechanisms with bone biomaterials are discussed in detail. Special attention has been paid to the signaling pathways involved in the focal adhesion and osteogenic differentiation of stem cells on bone biomaterials. Finally, achievements regarding bone biomaterials are summarized, and future research directions are proposed.
骨生物材料通过为细胞黏附、增殖和分化提供必要的基质，并调节细胞活性和功能，在骨修复中发挥着至关重要的作用。在过去几十年里，人们致力于开发骨生物材料，重点关注以下几个问题：（1）开发具有合适生物学和力学性能组合的理想生物材料；（2）构建具有从纳米级到亚微米级和微米级孔径的细胞微环境；（3）诱导干细胞定向分化以实现人工向生物的转变。在此，我们对骨生物材料的现状及其与干细胞的相互作用进行全面综述。回顾了已开发的典型骨生物材料，包括生物活性陶瓷、可生物降解聚合物和可生物降解金属，重点介绍了它们的特性和应用。讨论了用于细胞微环境的骨生物材料所需的多孔结构及其相应的制备方法。此外，总结了用于骨修复的有前景的种子干细胞，并详细讨论了它们与骨生物材料的相互作用机制。特别关注了参与干细胞在骨生物材料上的黏着斑和骨生成分化的信号通路。最后，总结了骨生物材料方面的成就，并提出了未来的研究方向。
