Mesman Judi, Minter Tessa, Angnged Andrei
a Centre for Child and Family Studies , Leiden University , the Netherlands.
b Institute of Anthropology and non-Western Sociology , Leiden University , the Netherlands.
Attach Hum Dev. 2016;18(2):101-14. doi: 10.1080/14616734.2015.1133681. Epub 2016 Jan 15.
A network of multiple caregivers contributing to the care of an infant is the norm in many non-Western cultural contexts. Current observational measures of caregiver sensitive responsiveness to infant signals focus on single caregivers, failing to capture the total experience of the infant when it comes to the sensitive responsiveness received from multiple sources. The current paper aims to introduce the construct of received sensitivity that captures the sensitivity that an infant experiences from multiple sources in cultural contexts where simultaneous multiple caregiving is common. The paper further presents an adaptation of Ainsworth's Sensitivity versus Insensitivity observation scale to allow for the assessment of sensitivity as received by the infant regardless of who is providing the sensitive responses to its signals. The potential usefulness of the Received Sensitivity scale is illustrated by two case studies of infants from an Agta forager community in the Philippines where infants are routinely taken care of by multiple caregivers. The case studies show that the infants' total experience of being responded to sensitively cannot be simply derived from the sum of individual caregiver sensitivity scores, demonstrating the potential added value of the new Received Sensitivity observation measure.
在许多非西方文化背景下，由多名照顾者共同参与照顾婴儿的情况很常见。当前针对照顾者对婴儿信号敏感反应的观察测量方法主要关注单个照顾者，无法全面捕捉婴儿从多个来源获得敏感反应时的整体体验。本文旨在引入“获得性敏感性”这一概念，该概念能够捕捉在同时存在多个照顾者的文化背景下，婴儿从多个来源所体验到的敏感性。本文还对安斯沃思的敏感性与非敏感性观察量表进行了改编，以便能够评估婴儿所获得的敏感性，而不论是谁对其信号做出敏感反应。通过对菲律宾阿格塔觅食社区中婴儿的两个案例研究，展示了“获得性敏感性”量表的潜在用途，在该社区中婴儿通常由多名照顾者照料。案例研究表明，婴儿所获得的敏感反应的整体体验不能简单地从各个照顾者的敏感性得分总和中得出，这证明了新的“获得性敏感性”观察测量方法的潜在附加价值。
