Yakeley Jessica
Fellow of the British Psychoanalytical Society, Portman Clinic, Tavistock and Portman NHS Foundation Trust, 8, Fitzjohns Avenue, London, NW3 5NA, UK.
Int J Psychoanal. 2017 Dec;98(6):1577-1595. doi: 10.1111/1745-8315.12631. Epub 2017 Mar 19.
The influence of nannies and other significant caregivers on a child's psychological and emotional development may be profound and if unrecognized may contribute to psychopathology in adulthood. However, the significance of the nanny has been relatively neglected within the psychoanalytic literature. In this paper I will discuss the impact of early caregivers other than the biological mother on the psychic development of the child, and the role of the nanny within the family dynamics as a figure attracting powerful unconscious phantasies and unwanted projections. These ideas will be illustrated by a detailed account of a year-long observation of an infant who had a succession of several different nannies in her first three months before her parents employed a more permanent nanny. It is proposed that the baby's emerging attachments to her two primary caregivers, mother and nanny, developed in parallel and influenced each other, with observable impact on her behaviour and developing personality. The paper concludes with a review of the place of infant observation within psychoanalytic training and how the experience of witnessing the earliest infant-caregiver relationships in an extra-analytic setting both refines understanding of developmental theory and builds a foundation for psychoanalytic practice.
保姆及其他重要照料者对儿童心理和情感发展的影响可能深远，若未被认识到，可能导致成年后的精神病理学问题。然而，保姆的重要性在精神分析文献中相对被忽视。在本文中，我将探讨除亲生母亲外的早期照料者对儿童心理发展的影响，以及保姆在家庭动态中作为吸引强烈无意识幻想和 unwanted projections 的角色。这些观点将通过对一名婴儿为期一年的观察详细描述来说明，该婴儿在父母雇佣更固定的保姆之前的头三个月里先后有几名不同的保姆。有人提出，婴儿对其两位主要照料者——母亲和保姆——的依恋是并行发展且相互影响的，对其行为和个性发展有明显影响。本文最后回顾了婴儿观察在精神分析培训中的地位，以及在分析外环境中见证最早的婴儿 - 照料者关系的经历如何既完善了对发展理论的理解，又为精神分析实践奠定了基础。
