Weiner L, Morse B A, Garrido P
Division of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Massachusetts.
Int J Addict. 1989 May;24(5):385-95. doi: 10.3109/10826088909047294.
Consumption of alcohol during pregnancy is well recognized as a risk factor associated with adverse fetal development. While precise safe or dangerous levels of maternal drinking have not been identified, it is clear that the women who drink most heavily are at the greatest risk. Prevention of alcohol-related birth defects requires development of programs directed to the special needs of addicted women and their families. The nature of addiction suggests that direct interventions focused on changing individual drinking behavior have the best chance of success.
